Comparative evaluation of effects of tobacco smoking on clinical measurements and neutrophil enzyme levels in gcf in gingivitis

Although the role of dental plaque in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is known, the importance of risk factors, such as smoking, which affect the host response to plaque has been demonstrated by recent studies In our cross-sectional observational study, it has aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical measurements and neutrophil enzyme levels in GCF, which are myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase and neutrophil elastase between smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis which diagnosed based on 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. The study population consisted of 60 subjects (39 smokers as control group and 21 nonsmokers as test group) diagnosed with dental plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis with age range 18-25 and state of systemic health. Following medical and dental anamnesis, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level measurements were performed on six surfaces of teeth. GCF samples were collected from distal sites of the right maxillary and left mandibular canines using paper strips. All equipment was weighed using analytical balance at each phase. Collected samples were kept at -80 oC until assayed by means of ELISA. Plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were significantly increased in the test group. Probing depth and clinical attachment levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. Myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and neutrophil elastase levels in GCF were significantly increased in the test group. All enzyme levels of mandibular samples were significantly increased in the test group when maxillary and mandibular enzyme levels were evaluated separately. All enzyme levels of maxillary samples were increased in the test group but only the increase for beta-glucuronidase levels was significant. Despite that our study has shown the link between smoking and clinical findings of gingivitis through neutrophil enzymes in GCF, it needs to be supported by further investigation. Key Words: smoking, gingivitis, gingival crevicular fluid, neutrophil, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The present work was supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project No. 34371