Siyez (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) buğdayında korunmuş mi̇kro rnalarin yüksek verimli dizileme ve simulasyon analizleriyle tanımlanarak karakterize edilmeleri

Wheat is the second most important agricultural crop amongst the top three major cereal crops, with over 615.8 million metric tons of annual production. Drought and salinity are the most adversely influential environmental stress factors that affect yield and quality of wheat cultivars. Plants, on the other hand, have developed their own defense systems to cope with these abiotic stresses. One of these defense mechanisms is the altering of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are an extensive class of noncoding RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotide lengths, which regulate the expression of genes at posttranscriptional levels by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of specific mRNAs. MicroRNA-based genetic modifications, therefore, have the potential to understand the drought and salinity stress response and to enhance the drought and salinity tolerance in wheat. Even though miRNAs, which were implicated under salt and drought stress have widely been reported in numerous plant species and wheat genomes in the last years, studies on einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum) have not been available yet. This study investigated conserved miRNAs under drought and salinity stresses by combining next generation sequencing and computational analysis approaches. Using these approaches, 75,164 unique reads were obtained from 15,139,448 raw reads and 167 putative mature miRNA sequences belonging to 142 distinct miRNA families were identified. For secondary structure prediction, we used available sequences from Triticum urartu as template to extract precursor microRNA sequences. 111 of precursor sequences showing 100% homology to Triticum urartu genome was analyzed by using Mfold software. Data from this study provides critical information necessary to begin an investigation into a role for these transcripts in the epigenetic regulation of einkorn wheat and provide a basis for further understanding of miRNAs and the biological processes in which they are involved in wheat species