The impact of sensory processing and pain sensitivity on quality of life and functionality in schizophrenia

Objectives: Our study aimed to compare the sensorial information processing profiles and pain sensitivity of patients with schizophrenia to those of a healthy control group and investigate probable correlations with psychosocial functionality, clinical features, treatment, and quality of life. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional case-control study was conducted with 61 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 61 healthy controls. Sociodemographic information was collected. Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire, and World Health Organization Quality of Life scales were administered. Clinical information was obtained from the patient group, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Personal and Social Performance Scale were applied. Statistical comparisons and correlation analyses were performed. Results: Schizophrenia group had higher prevalence of low registration profile, control group showed more sensory seeking profile. No difference in pain sensitivity was found between the two groups. In schizophrenia; sensory avoidance and sensitivity were positively correlated with pain sensitivity. In patients, pain sensitivity was inversely correlated with quality of life and functionality, and there was lower pain sensitivity with those working or studying. Such relationships was absent in control group. Low registration and sensory sensitivity profiles predicted lower functionality and quality of life in schizophrenia group. Conclusion: The difference in sensory processing between those with schizophrenia and the healthy group is reduced response to stimuli. Increased responsiveness and reduced pain sensitivity in schizophrenia are associated with more favorable outcomes in daily life. Sensory seeking profile (high sensory thresholds with active behavioral responses) predicted better quality of life in schizophrenia patients.