Religion and god improvement in latest Ottoman physicians: An evaluation of the opinions of İbrahim Şinasi, Abdullah Cevdet, baha Tevfik and Ahmet Mithat Efendi

This study examines the views of İbrahim Şinasi, Abdullah Cevdet, Baha Tevfik and Ahmet Mithat Efendi, who were among the late Ottoman thinkers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, on religion and the conception of God. The intellectual movements that emerged in this period are analyzed in detail by making use of academic studies. The aim of the study is to examine the intellectual movements and thoughts of the thinkers who made a name for themselves in the last Ottoman period and shared their thoughts with the public. In addition, the conception of God in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the conception of God by thinkers are also included. As a result, the relationship between the thoughts of thinkers was evaluated. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. As a result of the research, it was determined that the conception of God was different from each other when inferred from the ideas. In this context, the research is important in terms of contributing to the literature for future studies and guiding researchers in line with the data as a result of the research.