A study on sustainability of seafarer workforce in maritime industry: Challenges, solutions and future perspectives

This thesis examines the sustainability of the seafarer workforce within the maritime industry from a multidimensional perspective, identifying key structural challenges and proposing an innovative organizational model. Using a hybrid-methods research design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data collected through focus group discussions and surveys with deck officers, HR managers, and other maritime professionals. Our findings reveal that long working hours, mental health risks, gender inequality, declining interest among younger generations, and governance deficiencies significantly jeopardize workforce stability. Furthermore, existing international frameworks like MLC 2006, STCW, and the ISM Code are found to be inadequate in ensuring comprehensive human resource welfare at the operational level. This thesis introduces the IMCA (Internal Maritime Compliance Auditor) model. This innovative model proposes a shipboard role that reports independently, focusing on compliance and welfare auditing. Designed to enhance psychosocial well-being, promote gender equality, and improve ship-to-shore communication, the IMCA is envisioned as a strategic asset for both shipboard and corporate governance. Supported by an IMO-compliant training and certification infrastructure, the IMCA model also offers an inclusive and secure career pathway, particularly for women seafarers. SWOT analyses confirm that the IMCA model provides strategic advantages in sustaining human capital, enhancing regulatory compliance, and fostering organizational learning. Ultimately, this thesis underscores that human-centered, data-driven, and multi-stakeholder approaches are essential for the maritime industry's future, positioning the IMCA model as a concrete, measurable, and transformative solution. Keywords: Seafarer Workforce, Maritime Sustainability, Human Element, Maritime Industry, Seafarer Wellbeing, Gender Equality