Impermeable concrete design and case studies

The main task of civil engineering is to build structures that will ensure the need for all areas of life. Undoubtedly one of the most important materials used in the construction of structures is concrete. The most important feature sought for concrete is to have a high mechanical strength and not to lose it in time. Concrete is not a natural material an artificial material often used . Therefore, the required concrete properties can be given by using different mineral and chemical substances. One of the most important factors taken into consideration in producing a durable concrete is by imperviousness concrete. When you talk about imperviousness what comes in to the mind first is fluidly; that is water and steam imperviousness. Because the most important factor in the physical and chemical degradation of porous structured concrete is water. Constant network formed capillary gap system in the hardened concrete is the cause of water permeability. Depending on the diameter size of this gap we encounter the problem of high or low amounts of water permeability. Many factors will have an effect on permeability. The most important of these factors is the amount of cement, and water/cement ratio. Developments in concrete technology bring new solutions to maintaine tightness in water structures. Examining the concrete water processing, the effect of different types of cement, chemical additives, fly ash, and trass is investigated. The effect of different pressures on the depth of the water penetration in concrete were also measured.In this study, the first chapter is the general information section which gives an overview of the concrete and its components. In the second section information is given on the properties of aggregate, cement, water, chemical and mineral additives used and methods and results of suitability tests. In the third section, the results of the experiments, are comparatively examined. The main conclusions and recommendations drawn from the whole of the study is summarized in the fourth chapter.According to the results, decreasing water processing depth is through water/cement ratio reduction. In addition it is seen that increasing the amount of pozzolan in cement and the amount of fly ash and trass reduce the depth of water treatment under pressure.Key Words: Mineral additives, permeability, water penetration, chemical additives, durability