Marginality in the perspective of space and city concepts in sociological approaches to crime: Labeling theory and Wacquant

In this study, the concept of urban marginality, which emerged with the progress of differences and segregation in urban space, is explained and the development of the urban marginality is examined. It has been tackled how the concept of space and city takes place in sociological approaches that emphasize social institutions and social processes in the discipline of criminology while explaining the phenomenon of crime. Wacquant, who opened the bottlenecks related to space in sociology with his researches and developed urban marginality with his ethnographic observations, and what he said about urban marginality are explained. The concepts of space and city are included in almost all sociological approaches to crime. However, each sociological approach has dealt with space and city in different forms, and the change of space and city and the tackling space and city in theories have also differed. In the expansion of the concept of urban marginality and its placement in criminology, it is important that both the social structural and social process approaches in the context of space and city. The study is a theoretical study that describes how the concept of space and city takes place in sociological approaches in criminology and tries to evaluate urban marginality according to these descriptions. The study was carried out with descriptive content analysis method based on literature review. The concept of stigma, which is very important in terms of urban marginality, is at the center of labeling theory, one of the crime theories in criminology. However, when the emergence of marginality in the spatial context and the relationship of this marginality with the phenomenon of crime are evaluated, approaches that look at the concept of stigmatization in criminology from a broader perspective are needed. Territorial stigmatization, which became visible with Wacquant's field studies and is an important concept in terms of urban marginality, is a concept that needs to be emphasized and developed in the discipline of criminology. Keywords: urban marginality, labeling theory, Wacquant, territorial stigmatization