Investigation of smoking quit success rates and affecting factors in patients applying to the Smoking Cessation Polyclinic of Süleyman Demirel University Hospital

This study aimed to evaluate smoking cessation outcomes and the factors affecting cessation success among individuals who applied to the Smoking Cessation Clinic of Süleyman Demirel University between May 2023 and March 2025. A total of 249 patients who could be reached by telephone and completed six-month follow-up assessments were included in the study. All participants received cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and cytisine, bupropion, or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was added according to clinical indication and patient preference. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking history, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Smoking Psychological Dependence Scale (SPDS), Smoking Cessation Difficulties Scale (SCDS) scores, and treatment modalities were analyzed in relation to smoking cessation status using SPSS. At the six-month follow-up, the smoking cessation success rate was 20.9%. Among sociodemographic variables, only higher income level was significantly associated with smoking cessation success. Increased daily cigarette consumption was found to negatively affect cessation outcomes. Smoking cessation rates decreased significantly as nicotine and psychological dependence levels increased. FTND, SPDS, and SCDS scores were significantly higher in participants who failed to quit smoking. When treatment modalities were compared, the highest cessation rate was observed in the CBT plus cytisine group (33.3%), followed by CBT plus bupropion (20.0%), CBT plus NRT (15.7%), and CBT alone (3.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FTND score, SPDS score, and treatment modality were independent predictors of smoking cessation success. Notably, CBT combined with cytisine significantly increased the likelihood of smoking cessation compared with CBT alone. Psychological dependence on smoking significantly influences smoking cessation success, highlighting the importance of approaches that address both psychological and nicotine dependence and combine pharmacotherapy with behavioral interventions.