Susam bitkisinin (Sesamum indicum L.) in vitro koşullarda çimlendirilmesi ve büyütülmesi

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is grown both as a main and second crop after wheat in Turkey and one of the oldest oilseed in the world. The increasing demand of in vitro regeneration studies on sesame in Turkey is due to the limited varieties that produce low yields caused by a number of factors. The aim of this research is to study in vitro response ability of two sesame cultivars, Baydar-2001 and Muganlı-57. The experiments are classified in 5 groups; (i) testing sesame growth on control MS media against 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) hormone, (ii) comparing the plant growth regulators kinetin (KIN) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0.5 mg/l on the effect of sesame regeneration, (ii) studying the effect of different sucrose concentrations (0 g, 5 g, 7.5 g, 10 g and 15 g), on germination, (iv) optimizing the best suitable sterilization protocol using 2% sodium hypochlorite at different time intervals (5, 10 or15 min), and (v) to attempt sesame regeneration using cotyledon and hypocotyl explants excided from salt-pre-treated seedlings using NaCl at different concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM). GA3 hormone at 0.5 mg/l resulted in a higher germination rate in explants compared to the control medium but the growth rate observed in the control medium was higher. According to the results, KIN at 0.5 mg/l is suitable to be used in sesame regeneration. Even though explants grown in BAP supplemented media had the longest root length at 8.5 cm highest shoot length 2.15 cm and shoot number 8.17 was observed on explants grown in KIN supplemented media, which might indicate that plants do not receive nutrients well with BAP. Of all the sucrose concentration tested, control (sucrose-free) treatment was sufficient for sesame germination and contamination rate to be reduced. Sucrose in sesame is directly proportional to its contamination rate. For sterilization 2% NaOCl concentration for 5 minutes is effective at reducing contamination of S. indicum L. Concentration for a longer time interval (10-15 minutes) inhibits seed germination. Data analysis showed that sesame salt tolerance is at zero mM, growth rate slows down at 50 mM and germination and growth at 100 mM -150 mM is inhibited and that pre-salt treatment of seeds inhibits or reduces regeneration ability in cotyledons and hypocotyl explants of the both sesame cultivars. Callus induction was unsuccessful but whole plant regeneration was observed in both cultivars with Baydar-2001 producing the highest cotyledon response rate (75%) and hypocotyl response rate (67%) and Muganli-57 had the lowest.