Synthesis and characterization of monticellite (CaMgSiO4) based bioactive ceramic powders obtained from boron derivative waste

In this thesis, the presenting of a novel approach in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way for the synthesis of monticellite based bioactive ceramic powders from boron derivative waste was intended. The aims of the study are the solidstate synthesis of monticellite based ceramic powders from boron derivative waste, the investigation of the effect of particle size on bone-like apatite formation ability of monticellite based ceramic powders and the determination of the cytotoxicity of monticellite based ceramic powder. Also, the phase transformation mechanism of boron derivative waste was investigated during systematic heat-treatments and monticellite phase could be formed at 650°C. The most stable monticellite based ceramic powder was synthesized at 800°C for 4 h (SP-800°C-4h) and its ball-milling time was optimized. Following to immersion of wafers composed of crushed SP-800°C-4h and ball-milled SP-800°C-4h for 2 h in Lac-SBF for 7 days, the obtained results showed that monticellite based ceramic powders have bone-like apatite formation ability and it is improved by the particle size reduction. The cytotoxicity of monticellite based ceramic powder, comprising monticellite, akermanite, diopside and calcium magnesium borate phases, on different mammalian cell lines (3T3-L1, HUVEC, CRL-2120) was determined by in vitro assays of MTT, NRU and JC-1 staining at the concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 500 and 800 μg/ mL. The results indicated the biocompatible characteristic of monticellite based ceramic powder at the concentration range of 10 - 200 μg/ mL.