Investigation of possible relationship between CTLA-4 Gene variants functioning with non-small cell lung cancer in t-cell immunity

Lung cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. If it is not treated, this growth can spread to the nearby tissue with metastasis and ultimately to other parts of the body. Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with more than 2 million new cases estimated each year. Lung cancer distributions differs in the world, reflecting geographical changes in tobacco use and air quality. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common manifestation of lung cancer. Approximately 85-90% of lung cancers are caused by NSCLC. The way to treat cancer is to target the tumor directly. Immunotherapy is a treatment method that uses the immune system to combat cancer in oncology. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is the first immune control point used as a drug target, and has guided the field of Immuno-oncology. CTLA-4 increases the activation threshold of T cells, reducing immune responses to weak antigens such as their own and tumor antigens. In our study, 56 patients were diagnosed with NSCLC and 107 healthy volunteers who did not have lung cancer were given concent to participate. In this context, CTLA-4 49 A / G gene polymorphism and sCTLA-4 levels were examined in both arms. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of the CTLA-4 49A / G genotype and allele frequencies carried by the individuals in the study groups and among the groups. However, it is thought that CTLA-4, 49 A / G heterozygous AG variant transport may be associated with disease progression. Our study data are guiding the studies on the evaluation of CTLA-4 in terms of clarification or therapeutic value of NSCLC. Considering the limited size of the study, we believe that the analysis of observations in larger sample groups will be important in the development of future studies on NSCLC.