The methodology of science of economics in Talcott Parsons' the theory of social action and criticisms towards to the theory of social action

Based on the theories of Marshall, Pareto, Durkheim and Weber; Talcott Parsons developed a simple theoretical structure known as "the frame of reference of social action" which could be utilized for extensive studies on the human action. The reference scheme simply consists of three fixed components: End, situation and norms. Situation embodies the potential means to the end and conditions. The presence of conditions implies the effort devoted to the transformation of the required potential means according to the norms. While effort mostly denied by idealistic thought, norms are either neglected or tackled within conditions in Classical Economics. Though Parsons' critique of "Crousoe Economics" is a valuable contribution, his analysis of "rationality norm" in economics must be regarded as a type of simplification. Rationality norm affirms that individuals might make errors in the process of adjusting their expectations or actions to the market conditions. The equilibrium of supply and demand is an outcome of such adjustments. Parsons had evaluated the simple Hobbesian model as a basis for the complex classical model. Such a view requires omitting the basic components of the model: (1) Private property, (2) social classes, (3) state as an active agent, (4) rationality norm and (5) cost. Methodologically, overlooking those components leads Parsons to analyse Classical Economics with minimum amount of variables. Thus the false exercise of analytical realism by Parsons had caused crucial misunderstandings and fallacies.