The experiences of caregivers in the care processes of patients diagnosed with fully dependent schizophrenia: A qualitative study

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: A patient diagnosed with fully dependent schizophrenia refers to an individual at an advanced stage of the disorder who is unable to perform daily living activities independently and relies entirely on the assistance of others. This study aims to examine in detail the challenges faced, experiences lived, and the emotional, social, psychological, and physical impacts encountered by the legal guardians providing care for these patients. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the caregivers' support needs and coping mechanisms, thereby contributing to the development of better support strategies for caregivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted using a descriptive and qualitative design. Between January 1, 2025, and April 1, 2025, legal guardians caring for fully dependent patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who had applied to the Psychiatry clinic of Sakarya University Hospital were recruited. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included socio-demographic information and a semi-structured interview form containing open-ended questions. Audio recordings were taken during the interviews. These recordings were transcribed verbatim. The obtained data were categorized into themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Based on the interviews, five main themes and sub-themes were identified. The participants stated that they experienced physical and psychological burden during the caregiving process, needed social support, and faced stigmatizing attitudes from society. CONCLUSION: To alleviate the psychological and social challenges encountered during the caregiving process, counseling services should be provided to caregivers. The capacity of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) should be increased, and support programs specifically for caregivers should be established. Public awareness about schizophrenia should be raised, and educational initiatives should be implemented to prevent stigma and discrimination. Keywords: Caregiver, experience, fully dependent, schizophrenia, social support