Implementation of Tanzimat reform in Hakkâri

ABSTRACT Tanzimat Reform Era is a turning point in terms of social, economical, administrative, cultural and political. One of the most important specialities of this era is the changes done on the central and provicial administrative. Undoubtedly, these changes have a big impact on the formaton of Turkish Administrative System in the modern sense. In this thesis, the impacts of Tanzimat Reform Era on the Eastern Anatolia especially on Hakkâri district has been discussed. The rescript of Gulhane declared on 3rd November,1839 is the beginning and basic of modernisation on the state mentality and administrative. Tanzimat Reform Era would be a bureaucracy era. Resit Pasha believed that he would have modernized the state if he had had the bureaucracy who would implement the reforms. Afterwards, the struggle began by the New-Ottomans againist representatives of this bureaucracy gave the colour of an independence struggle. The reformers, who wanted to make the country develop in the last century of its history, tried to form a centralized administration and a bureaucracy serving to the centralized administration in order to overcome obstacles they faced. It should not be ignored that as much as the achievements of modernisation efforts for a century, maybe plenty of heavy problems can be attributed to this speciality. These rebellion movements dealt by the state between 1845 and 1847 are the main reasons that made difficult of implementation of Tanzimat Reform in Hakkâri and around when geographical and socio-political structure of the district is considered. The difficulties that were faced during the implementation of Tanzimat Reform in Hakkâri and around went on after having sent away some Kurdish landlord rebellious from the district. Altough the government had taken the necessary precautions, the implementation of Tanzimat Reform in Hakkâri and around took place in formally but could not find an implementation area.