The effects of re-functionalization of historical sites on urban design

While the theories and related legislation that shaped the concept of conservation have developed from the 18th century to the present day, the concept of refunctioning was first expressed in the Carta Del Restauro. Published in 1931, the declaration dealt with the basic discourses of conservation by repurposing and explained that only adaptations that are not different from the original function and that do not cause serious damage can be made to living monuments. The Venice Charter, published in 1964, also emphasized that more monumental buildings should be preserved in situ, that buildings to be preserved with adaptive reuse should be repaired using original materials, that the repair should be distinguished from the original structure, and that interventions based on assumptions should not be made in the repair. For this reason, the Venice Charter states that the plan scheme and ornamentation of monuments that are put into use by giving them a new function should not be changed, and that the changes required by the new function are allowed to be designed in accordance with the rules. In Turkey, on the other hand, conservation has become a law with the Law on the Renewal and Protection of Historical and Cultural Assets and their use by keeping them alive, dated 16.06.2005. The decision taken in 1995 in the restoration principles, the integration of the quality of the structure and the historical structure of the projected additions to be made in the buildings that have been given a new function has been seen as a design problem and it has been decided that it is applicable depending on the decision of the board. By giving the building a function different from its original function, the building can be used to serve different purposes. Due to the advancement of time, the development of technology and the new demands arising from these developments, most historical buildings cannot meet today's needs functionally. In this case, if the building is physically worn out, it is reconstructed and functionalized. However, if an old and valuable building is functionally obsolete, it can be renovated by giving it different functions. Re-functionalizing and reusing these buildings ensures the continuity of cultural values and prevents them from becoming idle. The successful transformation of buildings and their re-existence in life depends on the perception and adoption of people. In our country, many buildings such as madrasahs, inns, city walls, factories and caravanserais are not currently used with their original function. In this city, which has hosted many civilizations in Anatolian history, we come across buildings from every period of history. For this reason, the city of Bursa has a rich structure in terms of re-functioning and reuse. This study has been prepared to contribute to the subject by evaluating the existing examples of reuse and repurposing with all their rights and wrongs.