Water footprint and wastewater management in the textile industry

This thesis study analyzes the water footprint of a wastewater treatment plant in the textile industry, evaluating the environmental impacts of water consumption and wastewater management. The water footprint concept is addressed through its blue, green, and gray components, with a detailed analysis based on the facility's 2023 operational data. The study identifies that the blue water footprint holds the largest share in production processes, with intensive consumption of freshwater resources being the primary factor increasing pressure on these sources. The gray water footprint was found to be a critical risk factor for water pollution and ecosystem health, caused by insufficient treatment of wastewater before its discharge into the environment. The green water footprint, on the other hand, was determined to contribute minimally compared to the other components due to the limited use of rainwater in the facility. The analysis results reveal that the textile sector generates a higher environmental impact regarding water consumption and wastewater production compared to other industries. The low water recycling rates stand out as one of the sector's most significant weaknesses, with only 1% of the water in the textile industry being reused. This finding highlights the necessity for improving water management and recycling technologies. Additionally, the concept of virtual water was examined, emphasizing the water consumption associated with the production processes of purchased raw materials and their indirect effects on global water resources. This study sheds light on the development of strategies aimed at reducing the water footprint in the textile industry, making a significant contribution within the framework of environmental sustainability. The findings provide a guiding reference for the efficient management of water resources, reduction of water consumption, and widespread adoption of advanced treatment technologies. The study establishes a concrete foundation for mitigating environmental impacts both sectorally and academically.