Thermodynamic analysis and emission assessment of a diesel engine fueled with various fuels

In this study, JIS#2 diesel and BDF100 biodiesel fuels are used to operate the diesel engine at 1800 rpm for with and without after treatment systems. After treatment systems are considered as Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The silicon carbide (SiC) and cordierite are used as DPF materials. The fuels are used in the diesel engine at 100 Nm, 200 Nm and full load (294 Nm) for without after treatment system test, while they are tested at 100 Nm and 200 Nm engine loads for after treatment systems. The exhaust emissions, particle concentration, soot concentration and specific fuel consumptions of the engine are experimentally evaluated, and the energy, exergy, environmental, enviroeconomic, sustainability, thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic analyses are performed. The biodiesel fuel is 100% biodiesel (BDF100) which is basically obtained from the cooking oil. The fuels are used to operate 4-cylinder, 3L, turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine. Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is used to measure the size distribution of the engine exhaust emission particles. The measurement of the THC (Total Hydro Carbon), NOx, CO and CO2 exhaust emissions, particle numbers (PN), soot, specific fuel consumptions are conducted during the experiment. It is found from this thesis that (i) Most of the exhaust emissions rates (except NOx) are inversely proportional to engine load. If the engine load increases, the NOx emissions increase too. (ii) The CO2 and NOx emission rates of the biodiesel fuel are generally more than the diesel fuel, while the CO and HC emission rates of the diesel fuel are more than the biodiesel fuel. (iii) The lower heating value (LHV) of the diesel fuel is more than the LHV of the biodiesel fuel. (iv) The specific fuel consumption of the biodiesel fuel is higher than the diesel fuel. (v) The particle concentration of the diesel fuel is higher than the biodiesel fuel. Moreover, the maximum total particle concentrations are calculated at 100 Nm torque for both of the fuel types and the particle concentrations of the fuels are inversely proportional to the engine load. (vi) The soot concentration is inversely proportional to the engine load. Also, the soot concentration of the biodiesel fuel is less than diesel fuel. (vii) The maximum energy efficiency is found for the diesel fuel, while the biodiesel fuel has the minimum rate. (viii) The energy efficiency is directly proportional to the engine load. (ix) The biodiesel fuel has higher exergy efficiency than the diesel fuel at every engine load. (x) The environmental and enviroeconomic parameters are directly proportional to the engine load. (xi) When the DOC is used with cordierite diesel particulate filter, the exhaust emission particle reduction rate is found as 98.57%. If the DOC is used with SiC diesel particulate filter, 99.97% of the exhaust emission particle can be prevented. Despite the fact that there is a little difference, the SiC diesel particulate filter prevents more exhaust emission particle than cordierite. (xii) The biodiesel fuel causes less entropy generation than the diesel fuel for every engine loads and after treatment option (with and without after treatment). The biodiesel fuel is more effective than the diesel fuel in terms of efficiency, environmental and economic aspects. The biodiesel fuel has also less total nanoparticle concentration and entropy generation than the diesel fuel for every engine load and after treatment option (with and without after treatment).