Evaluation of sleep quality, anxiety, depression and life quality of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients

Evaluation of Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Life Quality of Type 1 and Type 2Diabetic PatientsDiabet Mellitus (DM) is an illness, which can lead to social and psychologicalproblems, affecting the whole life of the of the patient like all other cronic physical illnesses.Diabetes Mellitus has its pscyhatric and psychosocial aspects as well as being a physicalillness. Thus, a diabetic patient is face to face with a series of physical, emotional, social andsexual problems and conflicts. It is usually difficult for the diabetic patient to accept thatshe/he has a cronic illness and she/he has to change his/her way of living.In this study, it is planned to research and evaluate the problems related with anxiety,depression, life and sleep quality of people diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Oursample group consisted of 60 type 2 DM patients, who applied to Diabetes Policlinic ofAnkara Fatih University Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department and 31type 1 DM patient, who applied to Diabetes Policlinic of AKÜ Internal Diseases Department,a total of 91 patients. Data were collected by means of sociodemographic questionnaire andrelated scales of anxiety-depression level, life and sleep quality. Data were evaluated in four-part tables by means of Fisher?s exact test and multi-part tables by means of Chi-square test.Student?s t test was used in the comparison of means, a non-parametric test.Beck Depression and Anxiety Scales were completed speaking face to face with thepatients. As a result; serious depression was found 9,7% of 31 Type 1 Diabetic patients andhigh anxiety scores were found in 12,9%; whereas, 25% of 60 type 2 diabetic patients werefound to have serious depression and 20% had high anxiety scores. It was also found thatdepression and anxiety levels are signigicantly correlated with the sex, age, marital status,and jobs of patients. A significant relation was not found in HbA1c and AKŞ values.Patients? sleep quality was measured by means of face to face meetings and PittsburgSleep Quality Index. According to the results, 8 of 31 Type 1 Diabetes Patients (25.8%) hasgood sleep quality, 23 (74.2%) has bad sleep qualities. 14 (23,3%) of 60 type 2 diabetespatients had good sleep quality whereas 46 (76,7%) had bad sleep quality with no significantdifferences in sleep qualities (p>0.05). The relationship between age, sex, marital status,education level and having other diseases and sleep quality levels was researched. It wasfound that age does not have an impact on sleep quality in Type 1 DM patients whereas agewas found to have a significantly negative effect in Type 2 DM patients(p= 0,000). Maritalstatus was found to have an impact upon the sleep qualities of both Type 1 and Type 2 DMpatients. In other words, married Type 1 DM patients had worse sleep qualities than singleones and widowed Type 2 DM patients had worse sleep qualities than married ones.Life quality of the patients were studied by means of face to face interviews usingEORTQ (version 3) questionnaire. Life quality consists of 3 sub groups (general well being,functional situation, symptoms control) and the elements these sub groups entail. These aretaken into consideration in the evaluation. It was found that Type 1 DM patients considertheir health and life qualities beter than Type 2 DM patients (p=0.01). When functionalsituation and symptom control are considered Type 2 DM patients were found to be worseand there was a statistically significant different between them (p<0.05).This study showed that diabetes patients, a chronic illness, were inclined topsychologic problems like anxiety and depression. In addition, it showed that there weresleep disorders in diabetic patients. These disorders were found to occur more with type 2DM patients. It was found that features like being married, widowed, having low educationlevels, old age, complication development, insulin usage, and accompanying other disordersaffect the patient?s sleep in a negative way. In addition, it was found that life qualitydecreases in all diabetic patients. There were found differences between the life qualities ofqroups. It was found that that patients have a good sleep quality affect their life qualities in apositive way.Key words: Anxiety, Depression, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, Sleep Quality, Life Quality