The effect of sleep quality and depression on well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep quality and depression on well-being in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: The study was carried out with patients with a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes who visited family health centers between April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019 and had blood tests in the last month. A two-stage questionnaire was applied to the patients. Demographic and clinical characteristics were used in the first part of the questionnaire, while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), WHO-5 Well-Being Index and Beck depression scale (BDS) were used in the second part of the questionnaire. SPSS 21 package program was used for the analysis and p <0,05 was considered as significant Results: In our study, the mean age of the patients was 56,25 years and 79 (53%) were women. The BDS score of the female patients was found to be high (p=0,025). No correlation was detected between age, marital status, education, smoking, follow-up place, follow-up period, diet, DM duration, insulin usage period, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels, presence of HT and chronic diseases apart from HT and WHO-5 Well-Being, BDS and PSQI scores. A significant relationship was found between the categorized BDS scores and the occupation studied (p=0,045). The relationship between income level and PSQI was that as the income level increased, the "Poor" categorization of the PSQI score increased (p=0,024). The mean BMI of our patients was determined as 29,94 ± 4,85 kg/m2 (min: 19,7 kg/m2–max: 47,6 kg/m2). A positive correlation was found between BMI and BDS (r=0.112; p=0.175), BMI and PSQI (r=0,172; p=0,036) scores. The relationship between treatment method and sleep quality was statistically significant, and sleep quality was significantly worse in patients receiving OAD and receiving OAD and xiii insulin together (p=0,008). BDS depression score was significantly high in patients taking sleeping pills (p=0,007). At the same time, the sleep quality of these patients was found to be significantly poor (p=0,003). BDS scores of patients with retinopathy were determined to be significantly high (p=0,003). The poor sleep quality of patients developing neuropathy was found to be statistically significant (p=0,028). The BDS score of the patients taking sleep medication was high (p=0,007), and sleep quality was significantly impaired (p=0,003). There was a negative correlation found between BDS and WHO-5 index scores, and it was determined to be statistically significant (r=-0,344; p=0,001). A statistically significant negative correlation was also found between PSQI and WHO-5 index scores (r=-0,288; p=0,001). Conclusion: In DM, both the disease itself and its complications lead to depression, well-being and sleep quality deterioration. Key words: Diabetes, Depression, Well-Being, Sleep quality