Evaluation of fiqh debates based on gender ideology

Sex classification relies on biological differences -the reproductive system- considering humans as male or female. However, the term "gender" surpasses this biological essence, delving into the influence of beliefs and cultural values within a society, shaping distinctions between men and women. These distinctions affect the psychological differences between them and their assigned roles and status. The term "gender" didn't just emerge recently; it has been present in social studies and even earlier in psychology. However, concerns arose when it evolved into an ideology and was incorporated into some local and international laws and regulations. United Nations bodies and human rights organizations insist on the necessity of changing personal status laws because they do not align with this ideology. They have gone further, advocating for a reshaping of Islamic jurisprudence to reconstruct it based on the principles and ideology they promote. Thus, the research seeks to highlight the impact of the biological and innate formation of genders on their familial roles and social functions. It also aims to refute the notion of the masculinity of Islamic jurisprudence and debunk accusations of its reliance on the principle of paternal authority. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in the first chapter and a critical-evaluative methodology in the subsequent chapters. Among the key findings of the study is that embracing this ideology has serious and detrimental effects on individuals, families, societies, and the Islamic nation, encompassing theological, legislative, and cultural dimensions. Key words: Islamic Jurisprudence, Gender, Sex, Man, Woman, Masculinity, Femininity, Gender Ideology.