Investigation of train electric systems in terms of energy efficiency

Many alternative ways are used for logistics transportation and transportation in the world and in our country. Nowadays, it has gained great importance in transportation and transportation due to the crowded human population and the increase in its needs. One of the alternatives used in transportation is trains. Trains are preferred by many people in our country as well as in the word because they are economical and safe. Previously coal was used as fuel to operate trains. With the development of technology, locomotives running on diesel fuel began to be produced and preferred. Diesel locomotives were more economical than coal-powered locomotives and were more attractive than coal-powered locomotives because they carried more load. Since fossil fuels are limited and their costs are increasing day by day, it has required us to turn to different energy sources. Nowadays, coal-powered locomotives have been completely removed from use, but electric locomotives have now been added to diesel locomotives. Although electric locomotives have many advantages over diesel locomotives, they also have some disadvantages. In this thesis, we will examine the convenience that electrical energy adds to trains in every aspect and compare it in terms of cost and discuss which one is the most economically suitable and efficient. Trains are divided into two groups: freight and passenger trains. Lighting, air conditioning, automatic doors, etc in freight trains. Therefore, the electrical system is needed only in the locomotive part. We will discuss which systems are used in passenger wagons as well as freight trains, the systems used to provide the lighting temperature adjustment required for human health and comfort, and the security system. At the same time, we will calculate the cost differences between a normal railway and roads where conventional power lines are installed, calculate it in fuel and electrical energy consumption, and examine how long it will take to amortize itself and turn a profit.