Leaf and flower classifications in Qalam-Siyahî patterns in TSMK muraqqas -H. 2152, H. 2153, H. 2154, H. 2160-

The Topkapı Palace Museum Library, which is the subject of this thesis, contains several works prepared in various branches of art that shows various period and style features in the muraqqa records numbered as H. 2152, H. 2153, H. 2154 and H. 2160. Even though it is unknown from where and how these works reached the Ottoman Palace, and when the muraqqas were organized, the common features require an assessment of these four muraqqas together. One is the patterns drawn in the kalem-i siyah technique which demonstrates cohesion of style. Many studies have been carried out on these patterns which can be applied to surfaces like book arts, fabric, wood, and metal. The researches have been intensified on historical background, technical features, and Muhammad Siyah Qalam, who has signatures in a group of works, on the other hand, the plant motifs have not been examined. In this study, motifs such as hatayi, penç, rosebuds which are used with the large piece leaf varieties that have an important place in some patterns, are classified after examination and the style features are tried to be determined afterward. Attention was directed to the movement effect of the animal style in the pattern, especially on the leaves. The reflection of the Central Asian beliefs on art and the motifs and figures attributed with symbolic meanings were also examined. Based on the similarities between Diez muraqqas kept in Berlin State Library and TSMK muraqqas, common motifs and patterns used are provided in a table. With the work performed, it is aimed to introduce this precious heritage and to shed light on researchers about the style features of the unique and rare examples of Central Asian Turkish art belonging to XIV-XV c. The motifs in the 50 pieces studied were carefully drawn, and the necessary resources were provided for the artists who practice in the field of ornament arts. Keywords: Qalam-Siyahî, The Muraqqas (Albums) of Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Diez Muraqqas, Art of Depiction, Ornament.