Development of climate change adaptation processes in tourism accommodation facilities

Approximately 45% of the bed capacity of accommodation facilities in Turkey is located in Antalya, and 43% of these facilities are 5-star hotels. Tourism activities are directly related to climate, and developing adaptation processes to climate change is of great importance. In this context, the carbon and water footprint values of three 5-star tourism accommodation facilities operating with different concepts in Antalya were calculated, aiming to contribute to sustainability policies based on the findings. The calculations were conducted in accordance with ISO 14046 and ISO 14064 standards. The water footprint values for two different facilities were determined as 992.8 L/overnight and 5,262.1 L/overnight, respectively, and it was observed that these values were approximately 2.5–3.3 times higher than direct water consumption. Carbon footprint calculations vary depending on the inventory scope across different categories. Carbon footprint values calculated across all categories ranged between 23.2–108.1 kg CO₂e/overnight. For calculations based on inventory obtained within the same categories, the carbon footprint value was determined as 62.2 kg CO₂e/overnight for the golf concept facility, while the average value for the other two facilities was 25.1 kg CO₂e/overnight (ranging between 23.1–26.9 kg CO₂e/overnight). Regression and correlation analyses revealed the indirect effects of facility characteristics on energy and water consumption and how these consumption patterns reflect on CO₂e emissions. This study highlights the critical role of addressing energy, water, and supply chain management with an integrated approach to achieve sustainability goals in the tourism sector.