A rewiew of nationalist socialist idelogy in Turkish Nationalist Movement (1963-1980)

Daha sonra doldurulacWith the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, nationalism emerged in Western Europe and developed during the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment. Following the French Revolution of 1789, it became an ideology shaping the modern world. The Ottoman Empire encountered nationalism through Balkan uprisings and approached it cautiously to protect its territorial integrity. Due to the Ottoman social system, Turkish nationalism emerged later. By the late reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II, Turkish nationalism began to take shape under intellectuals like Ziya Gökalp and Yusuf Akçura. It became the main motivational force behind the National Struggle after the 1918 Armistice of Mudros and one of the founding principles of the Republic of Turkey. However, during the Republic's early years, Turkish nationalism did not become the primary ideology of any political party despite the influence of three major nationalist traditions. After the May 27, 1960, military coup, Alparslan Türkeş, a nationalist officer, was sent to New Delhi in 1961 following conflicts with the National Unity Committee. Returning to Turkey, Türkeş joined the CKMP and became its chairman in 1965, reshaping the party's policies based on Nationalist Collectivist thought and institutionalizing the Turkish Nationalist Movement. Influenced by Ziya Gökalp's solidarist ideas, Türkeş articulated his vision in the "Nine Lights Doctrine," proposing a third path beyond liberal capitalism and communist socialism. This nationalist collectivist ideology dominated the Turkish Nationalist Movement until the September 12, 1980, military coup.aktır.