Evaluation of landslide dammed lakes developed under different formation conditions with geomorphological indices, with examples in the Black Sea region in Türkiye

According to the IPCC climate reports, intense heat in southern Türkiye is leading to forest fires, while increased temperatures and evaporation in the north trigger sudden and heavy rainfall. This scenario has been confirmed by recent forest fires in the Mediterranean and flash floods in the Black Sea region. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the impact of heavy rainfall on landslide-dammed lakes in the Black Sea region. The study focuses on the geomorphological evaluation of eight selected landslide-dammed lakes (Sülüklü, Sünnet, Boraboy, Zinav, Gaga, Sera, Uzungöl, Karagöl) in the Black Sea region. The research evaluates the geological and geomorphological dynamics of eight landslide-dammed lakes, examining their formation processes, physical geography characteristics, and the stability and degradation conditions of these lakes. To determine these conditions, geomorphological indices were utilized, and various methods were applied during field studies to collect data. The study identified the unique formation processes and dynamics of each lake. Sülüklü, Sünnet, Boraboy, and Zinav Lakes were formed by tectonic movements and lithological factors. Gaga Lake was classified as a newly identified type of landslide-dammed lake resulting from a different dynamic system. The formation of Gaga and Sera Lakes was influenced by sudden rainfall events. In contrast, snowfall and snowmelt were the primary factors in the formation of Uzungöl and Karagöl. Among the eight lakes, the highest risk and threat potential were found in Zinav Lake, followed by Sera and Uzungöl. Key words: Landslide dammed lakes, landslide, geomorphological indices.