Reproduction of the fatherhood role in the modernization process in Turkey

As a result of the reflections of the modernization process in Turkey on the family institution, there have been changes in the structure and functions of the family. The extended family structure has turned into a nuclear family structure where marriages are made according to individual preferences and the newly married couple lives in a separate house. As a result of industrialization, urbanization and increasing participation of women in the laborforce, domestic roles have also begun to change. The roles of motherhood, fatherhood and childhood have been redefined as we move from tradition to modernity. It has started to be emphasized that the father is not only the person who provides the livelihood of the house, but also the person who has an important place in the development of the child. New fathers are now those who participate in their child's education, physical care and spend more time with him. There are many factors that affect father participation and involved fatherhood, such as education, age, economic situation, working hours, compatibility with the spouse, the support of the spouse, the attitude of both himself and his spouse towards gender roles, the age of the child, the meanings attributed to fatherhood, and the relationship with his own father. This study aims to examine the change in the family institution in the modernization process in Turkey with the focus on paternity, with the literature review method. First of all, modernization, the structural and functional transformation of the family, the change in marriages and mate choice, childhood, hegemonic masculinity and different masculinities are discussed and the relationship of these concepts with paternity is emphasized; Afterwards, the findings of studies on paternity in domestic and foreign literature were evaluated. Key Words: Domestic Roles, Fatherhood, Childhood, Masculinity, Modernization.