A multidimensional analysis of urban transformation in Turkey and selected country cases

Urban transformation has historically played a pivotal role in the development of civilizations. However, industrialization, technological advancements, and uncontrolled urbanization have concurrently introduced significant social, economic, and cultural challenges. Unplanned urban development has resulted in the degradation of environmental and cultural resources, posing threats to sustainability. In this context, urban transformation is not merely a process of physical renewal, but rather a multidimensional endeavor encompassing social integration, cultural heritage preservation, and economic development. This thesis examines urban transformation practices in Turkey through the lens of their social and cultural impacts, comparing them with exemplary projects from Japan, China, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, the United States, Brazil, and Lebanon. The study evaluates each country's transformation projects based on their objectives, implementation methods, financing models, application areas, key stakeholders, levels of public participation, and socio-cultural effects. In Turkey, urban transformation initiatives, influenced by neoliberal policies, have predominantly focused on physical renewal and profit-driven approaches, often neglecting dimensions of social justice and participatory planning. In contrast, international case studies demonstrate the adoption of more inclusive models that prioritize social cohesion and sustainability. By identifying the current challenges in Turkey's urban transformation policies, this study aims to propose recommendations for developing more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable urban transformation strategies, drawing on insights from global best practices.