Samsun in the period of Anatolian Seljuks and Principalities

Central Black Sea and Samsun were within the borders of the Byzantine Empire before the Turkish invasions. After the Crusade IV in 1204, the invasion of Istanbul by the Latins and the establishment of a Latin State, various states were established in the Byzantine lands in Anatolia. With the establishment of the Trabzon Greek State in the Black Sea region, Samsun remained within the borders of this state. In the process of Anatolia becoming a Turkish homeland after the Battle of Manzikert, Turkish raids reached the borders of the Central Black Sea and the city of Samsun. Samsun, which was conquered for the first time in 1194 during the reign of Rükneddin Süleyman Shah, was lost in 1204 after 10 years of Seljuk rule. The city, which was conquered for the second time in 1214, was not lost again. Although there was Turkish rule in the city, there was a area called Gavur Samsun, where Christians lived. With the establishment of the Genoese trading colony in the late thirteenth century, a distinct dual structure emerged. We reach information about Samsun, which is mentioned as Simisso in the trade records of the Kefe colony of the Genoese. We learn that a coin with a city was printed in Samsun and the exchange rate difference of this coin with the others from the trade records. In Genoese Samsun; We learn that there is a Genoese consul, a Latin church, a Christian cemetery, a hospice. After the collapse of the Turkish Seljuk State, we see the encounter of Kubadoğulları and Taşanoğulları, especially Taceddinoğulları in Samsun. We determine the importance of Limnia (Wednesday) in the struggle for the throne within the Greek State of Trabzon. During the reign of Ottoman Sultan Çelebi Mehmed, Gavur Samsun and Muslim Samsun passed under Ottoman rule respectively. Thus, the dual structure in Samsun disappears and the entire city passes under Turkish rule, never to be lost again.