The factors, problems preventing internal remigration in Turkey and solution offers: The case of Istanbul

Internal migrations, which started with human history, gained momentum with Industrial Revolution, and which are still ongoing in our present day, has a complex structure with its socio-economic, political, environmental and cultural aspects in terms of its realization. For this reason, when looking at the historical process, various theories have been developed about what the determinants of migrations are in the context of the complexity and causality of internal migrations but, internal migrations were more associated with and explained by the Push & Pull Theory of Lee, or Ravenstain's Immigration Laws in most countries, including Türkiye. This is because people migrate from undeveloped regions to developed regions in order to have a better life, especially for economic reasons. Due to the fact that everyone migrated in the same direction, population accumulation has occurred in the regions or cities reached as a result of internal migration. Socio-economic and urban problems have begun to show themselves in many areas such as education, health, unemployment, housing and environment in these cities, which are subject to population accumulation and these problems have accumulated over time, causing the attractive features of cities to be negatively affected. In places abandoned as a result of internal migration the active segment of the population is gone has caused the less entrepreneurial, less dynamic segment to lag behind and the development rate of the places that give immigration to decrease. In addition, internal migration has caused a decrease or even a halt in agricultural production and of the productivity in rural areas. It is only possible to eliminate the problems caused by internal migrations in the past both in the target destinations and in the abandoned areas to be able to bring life back to the empty countryside, however, provide and make sustainable with to the internal remigration. In most general terms, reverse internal migration, also known as remigration, is the return of those who migrate within the borders of the country to the places they left. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to determine the factors, which caused the domestic migration in Turkey to become remigration, and to reveal the determinants and preventative factors of internal remigration to make it internal remigration sustainable, which started in 2000s. In addition, it was also aimed to evaluate whether the current incentives for internal remigration are at adequate levels in Turkey, and to investigate how these incentives have become a factor on the remigration decisions of people who have not yet migrated. For this purpose, surveys were conducted with 384 participants in Istanbul. The data obtained as a result of this field study were analyzed with the SPSS 25 Program. The factors and problems preventing internal remigration were detected in Turkey; and solution suggestions were presented based on the findings obtained in the study.