Governance practices in Turkey: Independent administrative authorities and town councils samples

Towards the quarter of the twentieth century, identity crises were experienced in social, cultural and political areas all over the World, especially in the United States of America and western states. The reasons for this include economic crises, the existence of globalization, and constantly evolving technologies in informatics and communication. With this change, a new understanding has emerged in the field of public administration, especially after 1980. In the changing process, it has entered the literature as a paradigm change, leaving it to an innovative public administration approach instead of traditional public management. The changes and transformations experienced in the field of public administration have continued its development and added "the governance" dimension, which is known as the last paradigm in the field of management, into our lives. With the governance reform implementations, it has taken a place in many areas of our lives with its principles such as democracy, participation and the rule of law, as it replaces the unilateral management understanding of the past with multi – actorship and localism instead of a centralized structure. In recent years, with the contributions of globalization and international formations, dizzying developments have been taking place in the World, and countries are trying to keep up with these new forms. As a matter of fact, our country took its place in this race. On the one hand, it entered into a more democratic and participatory structure with city councils, on the other hand, it tried to fill its vacant place with independent administrative authorities when the state withdrew from the economy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the transformation in public administration that occurred with the paradigm change in the 1980s in the context of the independent administrative authorities and the city council, which found a field of application in our country within the framework of the understanding of governance.