Ulaşım sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirlik bakış açısıyla tasarımı ve değerlendirilmesi

In the last few decades, the adverse effects of the considerable increase in the urban population have attracted a lot of attention to the concept of sustainable development and have led many researchers and policy-makers to work on this area. Various definitions are proposed for sustainability, but its main objective is to maintain industrial and technological development without exhausting resources while ensuring livable environments for human kind for today as well as future generations. In this thesis, the design and evaluation of sustainable transportation systems are investigated with two perspectives: macro or country wide scope and micro or urban wide scope. For the macro perspective, we define proper quantitative indicators to evaluate the sustainability of a country transport system and categorize them into three sustainability dimensions: economical, environmental and social. The micro perspective involves the modification of existing road networks so as to achieve sustainability at the urban level. In this context, mainly two different mathematical models are developed. Both models are bilevel programming models which involve traffic authority decisions at the upper level and network user decisions at the lower level. In this study, only flow management strategies such as toll pricing and capacity enhancement are considered at the upper level. Transportation networks are crucial to support urban living but they also produce some undesired results for the society and the environment. Obviously not sufficient alone but the sustainability of transport networks will eventually contribute to the sustainable development of future generations. It is expected that the approaches presented in this thesis will contribute to the livability of the world in the future.