Responsibility of state in international law and civil war: Yemen and Libya

Compared to the past, today, the rate of civil wars has been rapidly increased. Despite of multiplicy of diplomatic methods, the technological speed brought by globalisation, the existence of global markets, the lack of international peace causes a deep concern in the international society. While these concerns call the concept of international responsibility to mind in the international community, on the other hand, questions such as why the role and effectiveness of states in international responsibility are diminishing are sought. Since the beginning of the 21st century, seeking answers to these problems and questions, civil wars could not be stopped. Since the end of the Cold War, most of the countless conflicts are civil war, and others are foreign intervention. Libya and Yemen are the leading countries where these civil wars are experienced and the worries of the international community are increasing. In recent years, under the curious look of the World, Yemen has been waiting the end of the civil war with hope and peace. Though it has a prosperous geography, Yemen has been experiencing famine, poverty, unhealthy hygienic conditions, unemployement, lack of education, infant mortality and waiting eagerly the end of the civil war. Yemen, which most experts call it as a North-South tension, providing the realist paradigm, struggles with military and materialistic problems by the help of the great Powers such as America. It's obvious that, Yemen is shown as a failed state figüre by the cause of Houti rebellions, being subject as a proxy war between Iran and Saudi Arabia and lack of understanding the modern nation state. In Yemen, where many revisions are needed such as the revision of the education system, breaking up Al Qaeda terrorism and the establishment of the democratic administration of the country, the civil war still does not ceased. On the other hand Libya, as one of the countries most affected by the Arab Spring like Yemen, could not go beyond being the side of conflict of its own local internal opposition. While tribal, generational and deep family ties in Libya, are not convinced of peace, apart from their leadership and opposition with each other, great Powers' (such as America, Russia, France, Italy and England) interests to the region make problems unsolvable. The failure of the experiences of peace initiative in Libya puts the country like Yemen into a deep stalemate. Because of the presence of energy resources, global powers have shown more interest to Libya than Yemen. Especially after Gaddafi's death, foreign powers supported different actor-groups in the country and the country became more open to intervention because of its rich resources and important geostrategic position. The reasons must be emphasized why Yemen and Libya have become as an are of conflict while being members of peace in the international community. While focusing on these reasons, it is important to take advantage of international relations theories, to categorize the reasons, and to pursue the policies until these states get the social stability. Keywords: Responsibility of State, Realism, Yemen Civil War, Libya Civil War, International Society