The differentiation in the perception and usage of public space of generations X, Y and Z; Bursa case

Spaces that appeal to all segments of society and are designed primarily for people, especially urban public spaces, have a dynamic structure and change over time. Public spaces, which are an important part of the city, allow people to express their social interactions, identities and cultural values. While architectural spaces are designed for a single person, public spaces are designed to meet the general expectations of the society. These designed spaces differ in terms of individuals' perception and use. One of the main reasons for these differences is the concept of generation. Generations refer to groups born within a certain date range and having similar social, cultural and technological experiences. Each generation has different values, preferences and communication styles. This may lead to differences in the perception and usage of public spaces. Just as the physical, spatial and perceptual features required by the concept of arch are different, the readability or perceptibility of a city or place is also different. This study addresses the public space perception and intergenerational space usage differentiation of generations X, Y, and Z. It aims to understand their public space usage preferences and to provide suggestions for improvements. The study was conducted in three heavily utilized public areas in Bursa: Cumhuriyet Street, Atatürk Street, and Academic. The reason for choosing these areas is to examine and evaluate the public space preferences of generations living together and constituting the society from a comparative perspective. In the study, a total of 180 surveys were conducted, with 60 participants from each generation (X, Y, and Z) on each street, along with in-depth interviews with 18 participants, 2 from each generation. The physical and social/activity characteristics, psychological impacts, and the user's preferences that shape the public space experience of the streets were evaluated. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative research methods, with the assistance of SPSS and QDA Miner (Lite) software. This research is significant for the design and revitalization of public spaces to suit all segments of society. Generation X typically values public spaces for their tranquility and serenity, preferring green spaces and areas intertwined with nature. Generation Y favors plazas, wide open areas, and venues for social activities, seeking social interaction and mobility. Generation Z prefers modern spaces with a focus on technological and aesthetic elements. Furthermore, Generation Z values areas that are compatible with social media, aesthetically pleasing, and photogenic, and also places great importance on the accessibility and visual appeal of public spaces. Designing public spaces with consideration for intergenerational differences will enhance their efficient and effective use. Based on the results of the study, regular cleaning of public spaces, increased security measures, and adequate urban furniture will enable users to spend more comfortable and peaceful time in these spaces. Ultimately, designing public spaces that meet the needs and expectations of different generations will contribute to creating more livable cities by enhancing social interaction.