Crusaders in the XIV. century in Western Anatolia: Smyrniote Crusades

This thesis aims to shed light on the historical context of the Crusaders and the Siege of İzmir in the early of 14th century in the Aegean Sea. This period is considered a critical turning point in the evolutionary processes of Western Anatolia. The migration of Turks to Western Anatolia led to profound changes in the demographic and cultural balances of this geography. Among the reasons for these migrations, political, economic, and social factors, as well as geographical factors, should be taken into account. The consequences of this process left lasting marks on the ethnic structure, social organization, and political dynamics of the region. The strategies and measures pursued by the Papacy and Western states against the spread of Turks in Western Anatolia are also examined. The political and religious goals of the Papacy during this period influenced the political balances in Europe and were directly related to the activities of the Turks in the region. The conflict dynamics that emerged during this process are important for understanding the international relations of the time. Furthermore, the maritime alliances formed by Western powers against the Turks constitute an integral part of this study. The process of formation of these alliances, the motivations of the participating parties, and their consequences are analyzed in detail. The strategic importance of maritime alliances is critical for understanding maritime policies of the time and, in this context, evaluating international relations. This thesis aims to thoroughly examine this significant period in the mid-14th century in the Aegean Sea, considering both the perspectives of the Turks and Western powers, with the goal of investigating the historical and strategic transformation of the region. Keywords: Crusades, Symyrnote Crusades, Anatolian Beyliqs