Analysis of the need for social policies in the USA and Europe within the framework of cinema films in the 19th century

In the 19th century, social problems such as unemployment and poverty in European countries and USA on one hand, workers who had to work under very difficult conditions. In addition, there was no mechanism to control capital owners. For this reason, capital owners were reducing the already wages of workers in order to protect their competitive power and to earn more profits. For workers who had been living under poverty line, it would be no different than death. Social policies started to gain importance at this point. The social policy discipline that emerged in the 19th century has shown a workers' understanding in the settlement of the disagreements between the workers and the employers. Within the process, there has been developments in the responsibility area of the social policy; women, children, the elderly, ex-convicts, the disabled and similar groups have become the target mass of social policies. Besides being a branch of art, films are a product of the society of which they come out. For this reason, movies actually guide us about societies. Films affect societies and are also influenced by societies. This research aims to examine the causes for the emergence of social politics through highlighting the social nature of films. The research will focus on identifying social problems in the society and the necessity of social policies in terms of settlement of these problems which can be explained with the help of movies to substantiate on general hypothesis. While trying to test the hypothesis, in terms of space, England and France and as the period 19th century. For this purpose in the research, first of all Fritz Lang's 1927 Metropolis, secondly Charlie Chaplin's 1936 Modern Times (Modern Times) film, an important building block in the study economy and industrial relations, the third was the 1940 film John Ford's Wrath of Wrath, the fourth film of the Oliver Twist directed by Roman Polanski in 2005 on the 19th century England, the fifth Suffragette film of the year 2015 by Sarah Gavron, which again reflects 19th century London, the sixth is Les Misérables, the 2013 film produced by Tom Hooper, which reflects 19th century France and finally, the seventh film and last which will be Claude Berri's 1993 film Germinal. Together with the films, concrete examples of social problems such as poverty, unemployment, hunger and social exclusion of women in the society will be given. It can be said that social problems in USA and European countries after the Industrial Revolution have shaken the societies at their core. Therefore, the need for the emergence of social policies in the mentioned countries, can be expressed with cinema films that describe the period.