Transformati̇on of XIXth century oOtoman penal system: Transi̇ti̇on from the dungeon on the pri̇son

This study, which is entitled as "Transformation of XIXth Century Ottoman Penal System: Transition from the Dungeon to the Prison", includes concepts of penal and penalization, evolution of the seconcepts and prison sentence with in the context of penalty. In this thesis the concept of punishment, intention of punishment, limits and sources of authority to punishment with the principles of punishment, types and feature of punishment have been investigated. Additionally, historical process from the dungeon to the prison sentence is also illustrated. Subject of prison is especially emphasized and process of systems which were applied in the execution of prison sentence is examined. Effects of Islamic Law on the Turkish Law System and execution types of Ottoman Period were recounted. Imprisonment, as a type of punishment began to be applied within the Ottoman penal system with the westernization process and therefore prisons became widespread by the second half of the XIXth century. Transition from punisment to body, from the dungeon to the prison have been raised as a subject matter in this period but political and economic conditions of period, problems like the peoples reaction to social reforms prevented improvements to reach a desired level.