The effect of aging on the total antioxidant and oxidant status and Sirtuin-1 and Sestrin-2 levels in the brain tissue of rats

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of aging on total antioxidant and oxidant status and Sirtuin-1 and Sestrin-2 levels in brain tissue of rats. Material and Method: The study material consisted of 24 Sprague Dawley rats in 4 different age groups. Group 1 (n= 6) 1,5 months (12,5 puberty), Group 2 (n= 6) 6 months (18 years), Group 3 (n= 6) 12 months (30 years), Group 4 (n= 6) 24 Experimental groups were formed as monthly rats (75 years). At the end of the study, Sirtuins-1 and Sestrin-2 levels in brain tissue and serum of rats were determined with ELISA test kits, Total Antioxidant (TAS) levels and Total Oxidant Level (TOS) levels were determined with Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. Glucose, total cholesterol (TK), triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP), albumin, ALT, AST activity in serum were determined spectrophotometrically in an autoanalyzer device. Results: It was observed that the body weight changes of the groups were Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 according to low to high, and the body weight level of the rats increased with age. In Group 1, total protein and globulin, triglyceride levels were the lowest; Total protein, globulin, and total cholesterol levels were found to be the highest in Group 4. It was determined that the ratio of ALB/GLO in plasma ecreased with aging, and Group 1 was the highest (P<0.05). It was determined that TAS level in serum and brain tissue was highest in Group 1 (1,5 months) and started to decrease with increasing age. It was determined that TOS and OSI in serum were the lowest in the 3rd Group and the highest in the 4th Group (P<0.05). It was determined that TOS level in brain tissue was the lowest in Group 1, it started to increase as the age progressed, and it was highest in Group 4 (P>0.05). As the age progressed from group 1 to Group 3, Sirtuin-1 and Sestrin-2 levels in the brain tissue started to increase, this increase was significant (P<0.05), and Group 4 started to decrease compared to Group 3 (P<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, it was seen that the protein levels of Sestrin-2 and Sirtuin-1 in serum and brain tissue increased first, then decreades in our oldest group with age. It was found that with aging, the total antioxidant level in serum and brain tissue decreases and the oxidant level increases. It was determined that the proteins Sestrin-2 and Sirtuin-1 can be used in future studies as a preventive and alternative treatment against premature aging.