Yatay su alma yapıları ıçın önerılen krıtık batıklık denklemlerının karşılaştırılması

Air-entraining vortices at intake structures pose significant challenges to the operation of water intake systems, leading to efficiency losses and potential damage to hydraulic equipment. This study focuses on predicting critical submergence depth, Sc, the vertical distance required to prevent air-entrainment vortices, for horizontal intakes under symmetrical and asymmetrical approach flow conditions. Dimensional analysis is employed, analyzing the effect of intake geometry, Approach Froude number, Intake Froude number, Reynolds number, and Weber number. Experimental data from 409 and 225 observations for symmetrical and asymmetrical approach flow conditions, respectively, were reanalyzed from different studies to derive more general and accurate empirical equations predicting the dimensionless critical submergence, Sc/Di. The analysis revealed that the intake Froude number and the geometric parameters are the dominant factors influencing Sc/Di. Moreover, empirical equations derived exhibit strong statistical performance, with R² values up to 0.988 and 0.949 for symmetrical and asymmetrical conditions, respectively. The most accurate empirical equations are obtained while considering all the flow and geometric parameters to predict Sc/Di. On the contrary, the accuracy of the empirical equations considering only (Fr)i gives moderate results in predicting Sc/Di. These equations were compared with similar ones available in literature, and it was shown that the proposed equations represent a balanced interpolation between small- and large-scale empirical equations and may offer improved generalizability across a wide range of hydraulic conditions.