New world order urban models: Compact cities - eco-cities - smart cities - 15-minute cities

The process of globalization, which accelerated from the late twentieth century, has reshaped almost every aspect of life along the lines of digitalization, fueled by the acceleration of technological advancements. Digitalization has comprehensively affected the entire social fabric, from production processes to the service sector, from management mechanisms to the daily life practices of individuals. The impact of this transformation on cities has intensified; the inadequacy of traditional urban models in responding to changing needs has led cities to seek new approaches. In this process, contemporary urban approaches shaped by the combined economic, environmental, socio-cultural, political/administrative, and technological dimensions have emerged, and these approaches have been discussed in the literature as "Urban Models of the New World Order." This study examines the urban models of the New World Order, including Compact City, Eco-City, Smart City, and 15-Minute City models, along with examples. The effects of globalization and digitalization on these urban models are comparatively analyzed within the framework of five "key impact dimensions" (economic, environmental, socio-cultural, political/administrative, and technological). Following a literature review-based data collection process, content analysis was applied within the scope of qualitative research; frequency distribution and descriptive studies were carried out using keywords representing the five key dimensions. The obtained data were evaluated using a multiple comparative analysis method to reveal the priorities of the urban models in different dimensions. The analyses show that the New World Order has transformed urbanization processes in a multifaceted way within the framework of five key impact dimensions; that urban models are not alternatives to each other but complementary approaches; and that cities are multi-layered systems where social interaction is produced.