Vehicle-to-grid energy management of electric vehicle battery systems in smart grids including renewable energy sources

Electric vehicles are making a name in the automobile market by providing solutions to issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the effects of global warming in the increasingly widespread transportation systems. Considering the ever- decreasing fossil fuel reserves, the increase in the number of electric vehicle users becomes very important in order to leave a more livable world to future generations. Managing electric vehicle battery systems as storage resources and using them in harmony with communication technologies and measurement infrastructures fits the smart grid concept. This contributes to the positive perspective on electric vehicles. The ability of electric vehicles to work in harmony with smart grids brings many advantages in terms of power systems. With the smart grid management, the electric vehicle battery provides supplementary power to the grid when necessary and as a source when the load is required, allowing these cars to be used in power management. Another advantage of electric vehicles is that they can work in harmony with renewable energy sources. When electric vehicles, which have disadvantages as well as advantages, are considered only as loads, uncontrolled charging may cause problems in energy systems and risk the safe operation of existing system loads. As exemplified in this thesis, the disadvantages of the system can be protected with control methods. In this thesis, the operation of the vehicle grid system connected to the microgrid consisting of domestic and industrial loads and renewable energy production (solar, wind and hydroelectric) is modeled in the Matlab/Simulink environment. This structure, consisting of a total of 100 vehicles, has three different vehicle profiles and energy management from the vehicle to the grid has been examined. When the simulation results obtained are examined; with vehicle-to- grid energy management, grid voltage was effectively regulated and the integration of renewable energy sources made a positive contribution to the system. Keywords: Electric vehicle, vehicle to grid system, renewable energy sources, smart grid