Researching antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anticancer activities and silver nanoparticles syntheses using Ruscus aculeatus L. plant in green synthesis method

In this thesis study, green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the leaf extract of Ruscus aculeatus L. plant and their characterisation was achieved. The characterization of nanoparticles has been identified by Uv-vis spectrophotometer (UV-vis), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result of the characterization, it was determined that there are nanoparticles with a spectrum at 426 nm wavelength, approximately 32.56 nm in size and in spherical size. The antimicrobial activity studies of the leaf extract of Ruscus aculeatus L. plant and green synthesis AgNP were examined with a total of 15 different bacterial strains, 6 gram positive and 9 gram negative bacteria strains, using disk diffusion method. Additionally, their antimicrobial activities examined by the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The method of connecting to the crystal cello was used in the evaluation antibiotic film activities of plant extract and AgNP's. Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Salmonella infantis, Escherichia coli CFAI ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 and Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971 bacteria strains were used in the evaluation of biofilm formation inhibition activities. These methods have been studied in three parallel ways. The data obtained at the end of the study were made using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) program. Breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used in anticancer activity studies. The number of cells was measured spectrophotometrically using the MTT method to determine the viability. The data obtained at the end of the study were evaluated using GraphPad Prism (Ver. 6.01) program. As a result, AgNP gave the best result in the MIC and MBC study while the plant extract were the best result in the disk diffusion method in antimicrobial study. In the antibiofilm activity study, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 was the highest activity result in plant extract, while Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 showed the lowest activity. AgNP showed the highest activity in Salmonella infantis bacteria strain, while Escherichia coli CFAI ATCC 25922 showed the lowest activity. At the concentrations determined in cytotoxic activity studies, the lowest concentration value of the plant-AgNP complex on MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines was determined as 10-3 µg/ml. It was observed that the extract had no cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line, but the lowest concentration was 10-3 µg/ml on the HUVEC cell line.