Upper Porsuk region chalcolithic period chipped stone tool industry

"Porsuk Culture" is a culture that began to take shape from the Early Chalcolithic Period and continued until the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic Period, and was first defined by Turan Efe with the excavations at the Orman Fidanlığı. Although most of the settlements belonging to this culture in the Inner Western Anatolia, which are located in the valley formed by the Porsuk Stream, remain within the borders of Eskişehir today, it is seen that their number will increase with the studies to be carried out in the region. The settlements where this culture are seen, such as Asmainler, Kanlıtaş, Kes Kaya, Orman Fidanlığı, Asarkaya, are the only settlements that can be seen in the Yukarı Porsuk Valley. It is understood that the settlements in this valley and its surroundings most likely constitute the core area of the Porsuk Culture. As can be seen in the example of Kanlıtaş Mound, one of the well-researched settlements of the region, the fact that various types of rocks were used in stone tool production shows that the region was rich in terms of different rock types and that the people of Kanlıtaş knew their immediate surroundings very well. This thesis aims to reveal the status of chipped stone tools, which have a very important place in defining the sociological and economic subsistence of prehistoric cultures, in settlements such as Kanlıtaş Mound, Orman Fidanlığı, Aslanapa, Keskaya in the Yukarı Porsuk culture region in Central Western Anatolia during the Chalcolithic Period, and to conduct research on the chipped stone tool industry of the Central Western Anatolian Chalcolithic Period by making comparisons between these settlements. Again, within this scope, it is aimed to examine the chipped stones technically, evaluate them in terms of raw material and typology, and produce data on the relationship between the settlements from the obtained results. It is noteworthy that the settlements that share this common culture in the region have common characteristics such as settlement selection and settlement type, in addition to the chipped stone findings. Kanlıtaş Mound and Orman Fidanlığı constitute examples of the typical settlements of the period as founded on the slopes of steep cliffs in the vallleys. Among the findings indicating the existence of the Paleolithic Period, the flint tool types detected around the Kuzfındık Dam and the patina of the stone tools are noteworthy. These findings are rare and important for Inner Western Anatolia. 7 layers were identified continuously from the Early Chalcolithic to the Late Chalcolithic Age in the Orman Fidanlığı excavations. In the earlier stages between the Orman Fidanlığı I-V layers, the density of the chipped stone tools belongs to the flake technology and these are the layers contemporary with Kanlıtaş Mound. In the VI and VII stages, which are understood to belong to the later stages, it is seen that the technology changed with the settlement of a different raw material and became blade-dominant. The findings belonging to the chipped stone tool industry obtained from Kanlıtaş Mound are far above those of the Orman Fidanlığı settlement. This is not only related to the systematic and longer duration of the excavations. The abundance of raw material sources around the Kanlıtaş Mound settlement has led to the production of high amounts of chipped stone here. During the excavations carried out between 2013 and 2018, 7716 chipped stone artifacts were obtained. Although the examination of the artifacts showed that the flake technology was more intense in the early stages, as seen in the Orman Fidanlığı settlement, Kanlıtaş Mound is generally a settlement where blade technology is predominant.