Analysis of field changes in pendi̇k province of İstanbul with high resolution satellite images

According to researches on the urban sprawl advanced satellite systems; has been an important planning tool in determining the impact of investments made in the relevant region, especially through its ability to provide location information, data production and analysis capabilities. Remote sensing technology is a unique technique for revealing the spatial and temporal dynamics of the processes of urban growth and land use change. Mapping of urban areas is often used to generate source data for analyzing and modeling of urban growth and land use / change. Remote sensing techniques provide significant opportunities to identify and control the use of land cover, to determine the changeover satellite images at different scales at different times, and to perform comparative analyzes. The remote sensing technique is a very important tool especially with the ability to make quick and effective decisions for the future in the process of making development plans. Within the thesis; in the Pendik district the diversity of transport facilities (roads, railway systems and connection points, ports, airports, mines, quarries, etc.) and its position of entrance gate from Anatolia to Istanbul and therefore has a tendency of continuous growth classification and mapping of high resolution satellite images for the years 2005 and 2017 were carried out for the purpose of classification and mapping. In line with this general objective, the main objectives of the thesis are; • Determination of artificial surfaces, land cover and land use at the level of Corine legend level 1 in general by using the similarity method, using Ikonos of 2005 with high resolution and Spot-7 satellite images of 2017, • Comparisons of artificial surface areas in the state of land use for 2005 and 2017, and artificial surface areas extracted from 2005 Ikonos and 2017 Spot-7 satellite images, • Comparison of the digitization results of the main roads within the Pendik district boundaries with high resolution images and evaluation of the compatibility with the master plans, process steps. The main materials of the workshop are the high resolution satellite images obtained from the satellites 3-bands Ikonos with a spatial resolution of 1m x 1m for the year 2005, the 4-bands Spot-7 with with a spatial resolution of 1m x 1m for the year 2017 and Worldview-2 with 3-bands with a resolution of 1m x 1m for the year 2012(for geometric correction only) , 2005 and 2017 land use cases, 1/5000 scale master plans for 2005 and 2017, 1/1000 scale current maps and Google Earth images were used. The Erdas 9.2 program was used for geometric correction, processing and analysis of satellite imagery, digitization of the zoning plans and land use situations, vectorization and field calculations were done with Netcad 7.6 gis program. All data belonging to the region should be brought together in a common coordinate system in order to be able to determine the change in the Pendik district, to determine the land use / change and to evaluate and interpret these changes in terms of structured areas. For this reason, in the first phase of the study, it is necessary to have a different coordinate system and different resolutions; The 2005 Ikonos and 2017 Spot-7 satellite imagery were geometrically transformed with reference to the 2012 Worldview-2 satellite imagery. After the geometric correction of the satellite images, controlled classification was made on the images for years 2005 and 2017, and general accuracy and kappa accuracy rates of these classifications were calculated. Satellite imageries and land use cases for 2005 and 2017 were studied as 200 classes and artificial surfaces, water and other (agricultural areas, forests and natural areas, parks and green areas) were generalized to 3 classes. In the second phase of the study, 100 data are digitized and compared on the high-resolution satellite images of 2005 and 2017, mainly on the main arteries, with all data being defined in the UTM WGS84 datum and coordinate system. It has been tested whether the rate of change resulting from this comparison is comparable to the calculated rate of change between land use cases of the same years. In the third phase of the study, the results of all evaluations were evaluated taking into account the provincial 1/5000 scale master plans. From the point of view of temporal change, acoording to analyzes made on high resolution satellite images and land use cases within 12 years time period between 2005 and 2017; for the Pendik district, the high increase was found to be in the artificial surface areas, whereas green area, forest area etc. decreased in the same ratio. Consumption increase as a result of the rising in the Pendik population and therefore the boost in needs, makes the change of natural environments inevitable. The ability to keep up-to-date with the rapid change in land use is crucial for achieving sustainabledevelopment. During the review of permanent land use changes resulting from human influences, along with the social and economic evaluations, by the possible 1/1000 scale development plans made to the north of the TEM highway construction will be followed up in order to protect current situations of the forest and agricultural areas of this region and the Ömerli drinking water basin it is possible to obtain results that will benefit the authorized and interested persons in their work.