Comparison of retinal vascular structures of patients with and without amblyopia in high hyperopia with OCTA

Relationship between amblyopia and strabismus and retinal vascular density in children with bilateral 6 diopters (dp) hyperopia and above spherical aquivalent (SE). The patients' age, gender, amblyopia, strabismus, best corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, astigmatism values and axes; with an optic cohorens tomographi angiographi device, superficial and deep vascular dansity measurements were examined. 100 eyes of 50 patient with high hyperopia and 40 eyes of 20 healthy children in the control group were included in the study. Retinal vascular density measurement of all eyes were performed in a 6 x 6 mm cross-sectional area in retinal angiography mode. Results were compared with statistically. No significant statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, astigmatism, and axis. In patients with high hiperopic amblyopia, no significant difference in retinal vascular density was detected between the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, while a significant difference was found between the control group eyes (p<0.05). No significant difference in retinal vascularity was observed between the eyes of non-amblyopic high hiperopic patients and the healthy eyes of amblyopic patients; however, significant differences were found in the inner, inferior, and outer quadrants of the superficial retina in the control group eyes (p<0.05). In high hiperopic eyes with esotropia, no significant change in vascular density was found in the superficial vascular plexus compared to high hypermetropes without esotropia; however, a significantly lower vascular density was observed compared to the control group (p<0.05). In high hiperopic eyes with amblyopia, the total vascular density in both the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus was found to be significantly lower compared to non-amblyopic high hiperopias and healthy control group. Prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the effect of amblyopia on retinal vascularity in high hiperopia.