Yüksek sıcaklık uygulamaları için monolitik karbon siyah-silika aerojel kompozit malzemelerin gözenek yapılarının incelenmesi

The macroscopic properties of aerogels such as thermal, optical and mechanical are a result of the micro structures of these materials. In this thesis carbon black ? silica composite aerogel materials were prepared with different carbon contents and the effects of carbon content on the pore properties and the micro structure of silica aerogels are reported which were not investigated in literature. Aerogels were synthesized by two step sol - gel method using TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate) as precursor, HCl and NH4OH as catalysts, ethanol as solvent and dried by the supercritical CO2 extraction method. The effects of TEOS concentration, gelation and aging temperature on pore properties of aerogels were investigated. Increasing TEOS concentration in the sol shifted the pore size distributions to smaller pore diameters with a sharper peak. The alcogels were aged in water-ethanol solutions at different temperatures which caused the pore volume to increase dramatically. Cabot Vulcan XC72R was used for the synthesis of carbon black-silica aerogel composites. The powder premixed with ethanol was added to the silica sol just before the gelation step. It was shown that addition of carbon black to the sol at different ratios did not affect the porous structure of the silica matrix covering the carbon black particles. By this method silica aerogels with a pore volume of 5.3cc/g and carbon black silica composite aerogels with a pore volume of 4.6cc/g and surface areas on the order of 1000 m2/g were synthesized.