Zeytin küspesinin katalitik pirolizinden elde edilen biyo-yağın bileşiminin incelenmesi

Biomass, one of the fuel alternatives of the future, is an abundant renewable energy resource. In this study, olive oil production waste (olive pomace) was used as biomass resource. Catalysed and non-catalysed pyrolysis processes were conducted in a tubular furnace with catalyst mixing method. Also, kinetics of catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis of olive pomace was investigated, using thermogravimetic analysis. The thermogravimetry experiments were conducted non-isothermally at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures ranging from 20oC to 800oC under inert (N2) atmosphere. In order to find and compare the kinetic parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) for the catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis, three different heating rates (10, 30, 40 oC.min-1) were studied. Catalyst effect of olive pomace pyrolysis was also investigated using different biomass to catalyst ratios, which are 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 (wt., %db). In the absence of ZSM-5, olive pomace sample was pyrolyzed via thermogravimetric analyzer thus allowing us to compare the effect of ZSM-5 to traditional pyrolysis of biomass. Thermal behavior of ZSM-5, under the same process conditions, was investigated in order to evaluate the overall system. Olive pomace was pyrolyzed in one step, which was a combination of 2 stages, namely hemicellulose decomposition and cellulose decomposition. Lignin decomposition was observed in a broad range of temperature, which was above 400°C. At high heating rates and with catalyst, the decomposition of hemicellulose was not detected as a hump in the characteristic peak. Decomposition was seen as a one step reaction. Adding catalyst decreased the activation energy but did not change the peak temperatures. ZSM-5 was found to be a good catalyst to decrease the activation energy. As a result of DSC experiments, the pyrolysis reaction was found to be endothermic. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 500oC, at the heating rate of 25 oC.min-1. Nitrogen gas was used as sweeping gas in the experiments and the flow rate of nitrogen was 100 L.h-1 during the process. The catalytic effect of ZSM-5 was investigated using biomass to catalyst ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (wt.,%db). With the biomass to catalyst ratio of 1:1, phenolic compounds were decreased, however, with higher catalyst amount almost all the oxygenates were eliminated. The shape selectivity of ZSM-5 was in favor of naphthalene (and its derivatives) and benzene derivatives, thus increasing the aromatic content of bio-oil.