Radiological and clinical anatomy of zygomatic bone in terms of zygomatic implant applications

The aim of this thesis is to present morphometric data on the placement of zygomatic implants and to provide the results of the study as a guide for physicians for dental radiology and surgery. The sections of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Scanora 3D-X CBCT unit by Soradex (Tuusla Finland) archive in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of Istanbul University were scanned and the canals and foramens of zygomatic bone were examined in the images of 3087 patients. Single zygomaticofacial canals were determined as 414 (62%) and double zygomaticofacial canals as 27 (4%). 41 of them (6%) were observed only from the zygomaticotemporal canal. Furthermore, when the course of the canals were evaluated, it was observed that it could be T-shaped or V-shaped. T-shaped canals were observed as 174 (26%) and V-shaped canals as 13 (1,9%). With μCT (Microcomputer Tomography) (Bruker Skyscann 1174 model), 43 dry bone samples were examined and the course of the canals was observed. It was found that the canals show a pattern of Y-shaped and flat. Morphometric measurements were made in 25 dry heads to determine the entry and exit locations of the zygomatic implant in terms of surgical procedure. The presence of Accessory Infraorbital Foramen (AIOF) was investigated because of its close neighborhood to the surgical field. AIOF was detected in five of the 25 dry heads. This thesis will provide information about canal variations especially during peroperative evaluation and will minimize complications in zygomatic implant planning. Keywords: Foramen zygomaticofaciale, foramen zygomaticotemporale, foramen zygomaticoorbitale, zygomatic implant, cone beam computed tomography