Nanoteknoloji ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı
Adana Alparslan Türkeş University of Science and Technology17
Arşivlenen Tez
0
DOI Atanmış
0%
DOI Oranı
Anabilim Dalı
Classification of brain MR image data using data mining techniques
Alzheimer's Disease is a disease that shows its effects with the progression of the age and it causes the brain to be unable to fulfill its expected functions. The disease's effects show variety according to its phase such as to forget the name of surrounding people or cannot continue daily life without help. As of we know, there is no method has general acceptance for diagnosis and treatment. In this thesis study, the performance of data mining methods and that of deep learning on diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is assessed by using patients' magnetic resonance image (MRI) data. MRI data from 144 healthy persons named control normal (CN) and 175 patients with AD are used. These two groups consist of 167 male and 152 female aged between 55 and 91. Volumetry statistics of the parts of the brain from related MRI data are obtained and performance of the traditional data mining algorithms on feature selection and classification are evaluated. Also, the performance of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm developed in this thesis and used as a feature selector is compared with the classical feature selector methods. Besides this, collected images segmented as Gray Matter (GM), White Matter (WM) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) after the normalisation process. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software's tools are utilized for the normalization and segmentation. These GM images are used in deep learning method. Results are compared.
Prediction of a further tire life by using ANN
Tires are essential components of the automotive industry; In our modern world, it is inevitable to see every current vehicle equipped with some sets of tires. Depending on the nature of the business, there are lots of applications that are using tires like; Commercial, Industrial, Aerospace Etc. The needs always change by technology and the requests of business type. Thus, tire producers must develop new, modern tires which could provide the requirements and compete with their competitors. All these requests must be covered in an efficient way, including price, technology, research & development, and these activities must be parallel to partner industries. Tires mostly produced of natural or synthetic rubber, fillers (Carbon black), oil, steel, and textile. Because rubber is a highly elastic, almost incompressible material, depending on its composition, it can be stretched five times without showing signs of cracking or permanent deformation. In daily usage of tires, the tread part and tread materials contacts with different kinds of surfaces like asphalt, gravel, sand, etc. Due to friction forces and forces applied on the tire, the tire starts to lose volume from the tread part this is a known physical and chemical reaction caused by friction between the tire and road surface. Some other vital factors affect these results like tire compound, speed, the load on the tire, driving behaviour, tire pressure, tire contour, etc. All these effects could seem as tread volume loss, mini cuts, and chipping rubber parts on the tread surface. Thus results in mileage performance problems and visual mini cut and chipping issues that could be one of the critical factors of consumers in the tire using industries. This study aims to identify these phenomena before production or early mileage of tires and implement these results in the production line to select the right material, the method to save investment costs.
Cloning of the glucoamylase encoding gene found in aspergillus niger genome
Glucoamylase (GA) (1,4-α-glucosidase) is an exoamylase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis step of all processes in which glucose is needed. Glucoamylase which is a very important industrial enzyme produces D-glucose by hydrolyzing glucosidic linkages of starch, glycogen, and oligosaccharides from their non-reducing ends. The main reason that makes GA of such importance to the industry is its role in the starch process. Starch is one of the major components of the food, textile, laundry, pharmaceutics, and paper industries. In nature, there is two forms of glucoamylase, GAI which is commonly used in industry because of its capacity of high starch hydrolyzing and GAII. Most of the bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can produce glucoamylase in various forms, but especially the fungal glucoamylase is most often used in the industry. This study was aimed that produce recombinant glucoamylase enzyme in Pichia pastoris. In this way, an industrially important enzyme, glucoamylase, could be produced as recombinant on laboratory scale from the more economical and easier-breeding yeast strain. For this purpose plasmid that containing the glaA gene encoding the glucoamylase enzyme in GAI form found in Aspergillus niger genome was designed and transferred to Pichia pastoris. The molecular cloning of the glaA gene was confirmed by sequence analysis and transfection was verified by colony PCR and determination of enzyme activity. In addition to that, the activities of the resultant recombinant enzyme under different conditions were investigated.
Establishment of drug-resistant cell lines in non-small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. One of the major reasons for this is the development of resistance against theurapatic drugs during treatment or due to genetic make up of tumors in patients. Although several molecular agents have been developed to overcome drug resistance, risk of recurrence is still being a challenge for efficient therapy at the present time. Thus, understanding chemoresistance mechanisms is crucial for successful treatment of this disease. In this study, it was aimed to establish drug-resistant sub-cell lines by mimicking treatment conditions of non-small cell lung cancer patients in vitro to study drug resistance mechanisms and to generate cell lines for future purposes to discover novel anti-chemoresistance agents. In accordance with this purpose, human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 was exposed to increasing concentrations of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor targeting drug Erlotinib to create an Erlotinib resistant subline. To compare possible morphological and molecular changes during resistance development, a parental A549 subline was maintained in a parallel culture. The cell viability changes in both sublines were demonstrated by cell viability assays. Both groups of sublines were subjected to wound healing assay to monitor the differences in metastatic progression; on the other hand, tumorigenic capacities were measured by soft agar colony formation assays. Furthermore, the effects of Erlotinib on the gene expression changes of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, a key feature of chemoresistance, were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. It was found that besides increased cell viability under drug conditions, Erlotinib resistant subline was more tumorigenic with a greater migration capacity than the parental subline. Finally mesenchymal biomarker N-Cadherin gene expression was significantly increased in Erlotinib resistant subline.
Food industry wastewater treatment by ceramic micro- and ultrafiltration membranes
Water scarcity is one of the global problems threatening all living species on Earth. Several solutions have been suggested for resolving the water scarcity. One of these solutions is the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters. Treatment and reuse of domestic and industrial wastewaters will significantly contribute to the prevention of the water scarcity. Membrane technology has been used for the treatment of wastewaters and water desalination. Membranes used are generally polymeric membranes. Studies however have been conducted to evaluate the performances of ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment. The goal of this thesis was to prepare tubular ceramic membranes for the treatment of food industry wastewaters. Tubular Al2O3 supports, MF and UF layer coated supports were prepared and used for the treatment of oil containing wastewaters obtained from the different stages in the wastewater treatment facility of the food processing plant. Total suspended solid content (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, turbidity and oil content of the wastewaters were determined before and after filtration experiments. Permeate fluxes, TSS, turbidity and color of the permeate samples taken in certain time intervals were also monitored. Permeate fluxes much lower than clean water fluxes of the membrane were observed during the filtration of oily wastewater. In general, increasing cross flow velocity increased the permeate flux while the increase in transmembrane pressure decreased the flux. The lower initial permeate fluxes indicated the rapid membrane fouling by oil and lipids present in the wastewater. Decrease in the fluxes in the course of filtration also pointed out the formation of a fouling layer. Filtration experiments performed using tubular ceramic supports and MF membranes resulted in 97-99 %, 91-98 %, 78-99 % and 63-99 % reductions in TSS, COD, turbidity and color values of the oily wastewater, respectively. No oil could be detected in the permeate samples collected and oil removal efficiencies were found to be 100 % in all experiments. Keywords: ceramic membrane, food industry wastewaters, oil content, filtration, permeate
A study on cytotoxic effects of Hypericum perforatum on human cancer cell lines
St. John's wort which is abbreviated as (SJW), denoted as Hypericum perforatum by botanists, is a yawning, foliaged plant that rises in nearly all of the world's mild areas. Utilization of this type as a galenic cure for interior and exterior diseases dates back to archaic times. From these times, SJW is one of the favorite cures for anxiety, depression, incisions, and scalds. Researchers suggest that SJW has active role in the cure of several illnesses, like cancer, diseases related with inflammation, and illnesses caused by bacterias and viruses, and as an anti-oxidant and neuro-protective factor. In this study the cytotoxic effects of Hypericum perforatum infusion solution on U-87 MG Glioblastoma cancer cell lines was examined when it is applied with and without etoposid. The results demonstrate that 1/25 diluted ethanol extract of Hypericum perforatum without etoposid tend to show the best cytotoxic effect.
Poli (laktik asit) / barit kompozitlerinin hazirlanmasi ve karakterizasyonu
Interfacial adhesion between additive and polymer matrix plays a significant role in properties of polymeric composite materials. Surface of barite (BR) mineral was modified by silane coupling agent in order to increase compatibility between mineral additive and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. Surface properties of BR samples were characterized by Infrared spectrometry (IR). Untreated and surface silanized BR were compounded with PLA at the loading ratios of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% using melt-mixing process. Mechanical, thermomechanical, water resistance, melt flow, and morphological characterizations of composites were performed by tensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water absorption test, melt flow rate (MFR) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. According to results, BR additions led to increase in tensile strength and tensile modulus of PLA. The maximum improvement was obtained for 15 wt% of silanized BR filled composite. Impact strength of composites increased with addition amount of BR. DMA analysis revealed that glass transition temperature of PLA extended to higher values by the addition of BR. Inclusions of BR caused slight decrease in MFR value of PLA. Silanized BR containing composites displayed lower water absorption values compared to untreated BR, thanks to hydrophobic nature of silicon coated surface. According to SEM micro-images of composites, more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix was observed for treated BR particles than untreated ones due to enhancement for interfacial adhesion of BR to PLA after silanization. Silanized BR was found to be suitable for the applications of PLA-based composites.
Analysis of oblique impact behavior for al-ldpe-al hybridmaterials
Strength tests have been carried out on the Al-LDPE-Al composite panel used in the architectural field with a different approach to the weight and durability, which is one of the problems of armor technologies from the past to the present. These tests were examined in terms of the oblique impact and tested on layers. Until complete protection is achieved, the accuracy of each layer at different angles and to different regions is performed, its accuracy is compared with simulation. Rifle bullets were used in real shots. The reason for using the rifle is to increase the hit rate to the desired angle and point. 9 mm bullet, which is commonly used in simulation experiments, was used. Rifle bullets and pistol bullets have similar characteristics, so 9 mm bullets impacted at simulations. The normal effect and the oblique effect were compared with different layers at 0˚, 30˚, and 60˚ angles. The sloping effect has been observed to provide more resistance than the steep effect. In experiments with Al-LDPE-Al material, it has been observed that 7-layer material provides full protection. When the results that are consistent with the simulation results are examined, it is seen that the oblique effect provides more resistance than the normal effect.
Study of morphology and dye effects on the efficiency of CdS–based hybrid solar cells
In this project study, some properties of hybrid solar cells (HSCs) formed by CdS samples that were grown by the different methods (spray pyrolysis, chemical bath deposition, doctor blade and hydrothermal methods) and in different morphologies (thin film, powder and nanosphere) were investigated. Additionally, structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of HSCs based on CdS samples whose surfaces were modified by diverse dyes (Eosin–Y, D205, N719 and N3) were studied. X–ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed the crystallization of CdS samples in the polycrystalline structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) conclusions indicated the homogeneous coverage of P3HT on the produced CdS samples with different morphologies. Energy dispersive X–ray Spectroscopy (EDS) approved the presence of Cd and S atoms in CdS structure. It was concluded that the transmittance data of synthesized CdS specimens were quite good and hence, they can be used for the solar cell (SC) applications. It was observed that the band gaps of the prepared CdS samples were based on the method used. It was seen that the peak intensities of the absorbance of CdS-based heterostructures generally increased with the modification of CdS surface by dyes. It was observed from room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) outputs that CdS samples produced by different routes exhibited various defects. Furthermore, it was determined that the peak intensities in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CdS–based heterostructures generally decreased after dye modification of CdS surface. From the electrical measurements, it was seen that CdS–based heterostructures displayed an obvious photovoltaic effect. It was observed that both CdS samples grown in the different morphology and the surface modified by diverse dyes had different power conversion efficiency (PCE) values. The highest efficiency value was appeared for CdS samples with the nanosphere morphology and modified by N719 dye as 0.881%. Thus, it can be deduced that in addition to different morphology, modification by diverse dyes also leads to an important variation on the SC efficiency.
8 inch AA6063 billet for dc casting process with simulation program casting billet mold design and production
This study is to aim to develop of the casting quality of the 6XXX aluminium billet, which is one of the most important parameters for the extrusion of the studied aluminium alloy series as well as increasing the profile quality reducing the quality errors. In billet casting, many different parameters affect the billet quality at both macro and micro levels. Physical parameters such as the physical condition of the billets, the surface quality, the smoothness of the surface, the micro-structure features, the shell thickness, the grain size, the start-up of solidification at the right place and time play crucial role as well as the cooling and the design of the casting molds The production of 8 inch diameter billets have some severe problems so this thesis focused to design suitable mold geometry with the support of the simulation in order to improve the billet quality.
Removal of some heavy metals from waste water with natural materials as adsorbent
One of the most important environmental problems is the pollution caused by heavy metals in wastewaters. In this study, the removal of Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pb+2 ions from synthetically prepared solution was investigated with using coconut shell, olive stone, walnut shell, and their carbonized products as adsorbent. For this purpose, the effect of adsorbent type, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial metal ion concentration were selected as independent variables while the heavy metal removal percentages, namely Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pb+2 removals, were selected as dependent variables in the heavy metal adsorption experiments. The microstructure properties of the tested adsorbents were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that carbonized products had more porous structure than their untreated forms. In adsorption experiments, temperature was kept constant 25 ±2 °C and pH was kept between 5.0 and 6.0. Adsorption experiments were carried out applying the batch system. Concentrations of heavy metals in synthetically prepared solution were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer analyzing technic. As a result of the experimental studies, the maximum contact time was determined as 180 min, the maximum adsorbent dose was determined as 2% adsorbent amount (g)/solution volume (mL), and the maximum metal removal was provided at lower initial ion concentration (50 ppm). It was observed that the removal percentage of heavy metal performances of carbonized products was found to be better than their untreated forms. Among the tested adsorbents, it was determined that the best adsorbent was the olive stone carbonized product for the adsorption of Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pb+2 ions because it had the more porous structure. Keywords: heavy metal, wastewater, adsorption, adsorbent, coconut shell, olive stone, walnut shell
Prediction of landslide tsunami run-up through ann-based models
New prediction models based on multilayer perceptron are proposed which successfully predict the maximum run-up of landslide-generated tsunami waves and the roles of parameters affecting the maximum run-up are assessed. The input to the models consists of approximately 55,000 rows of data employing six predictors, namely cross section of the landslide profile, the beach slope angle, the initial slide submergence, the vertical thickness and the horizontal length of the sliding mass, and the time of the maximum run-up. The target variable is the maximum tsunami run-up. An optimization study was first performed and a subset of 9,000 randomly sampled rows was determined to represent the whole data. A total number of 63 models consisting all possible combinations of the six parameters were then constructed for the 9,000-row data set, in an attempt to predict the maximum run-up. The prediction capability of the models was assessed by calculating Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Multiple Correlation Coefficient (R) as performance metrics. The MLP-based models led predictions with a minimum MAPE of approximately 1.1% and with R=1, revealing that the slide thickness has the largest impact on the maximum tsunami run-up, whereas the slide cross-section and the slope angle have minimal effect. Further, a backward elimination algorithm equipped with ReliefF feature importance method is utilized as a practical tool. Comparison with existing literature showed the reliability and applicability of the offered models. This approach can be therefore used as a fast and accurate methodology to support or when there is lack of analytical or numerical modeling.
Mechanical, thermal, structural and morphological characterization of polybutylene terephthalate nanocomposites containing organoclays
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nanocomposites loaded with two different types of organoclays are fabricated using melt-mixing technique in a twin-screw extruder. Quaternary ammonium salts with dimethyl, benzyl, hydrogenated tallow and dimethyl, dehydrogenated tailed modified Turkish organoclays (trade names of esanNANO 2-130 and esanNANO 1-140, Eczacıbaşı Esan, İstanbul, Turkey) are blended with PBT (Advanite SB88, Sasa Polyester A.Ş., Adana, Turkey) at the compositions of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% weight ratios. Test samples are shaped using lab-scale injection molding device. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal stability, melt-flow, structural and morphological behaviors of the nanocomposite samples are investigated by performing tensile, impact and shore hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow rate measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods, respectively.
Effects of geostatistical methods on modelling of different mine reserve types
The development and progress of a country depends on the proper evaluation of underground and open pit resources, their analyses and production by scientific and economic methods. Because, 99% of the tools and materials that make life active and functional are provided from natural resources, especially from mines. In short, raw material potentials are the most important power of countries and are the real sources on which development and development will be based. In this study, two different mining reserve bedding type are analysed. One of them is coal bed. Coal beds are found in the form of basin type bedding. In other words, this type of bedding exhibits a layer type distribution type over large scale area and do not show sharp changes in terms of quality parameters and thickness (close to uniform distribution). The second data set consists of gold (Au), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc(Zn) mine which presents a porphyric bedding types exhibiting a non-uniform distribution of data. The study covers the geostatistical analyses and mapping of two different mining types using kriging and simulation techniques. As a results of this study, the application results of the geostatistical tools in different type bedded mining is assessed. The calculations are carried out by an open-source software GSLIB. Results reflected that kriging based methods are rather suitable in mining beds showing no sharp changes whereas simulation is giving much healthier results in where suddenly local changes are observed. Keywords: mining, geostatistics, coal, gold, kriging, simulation, GSLIB
Reuse of wastewater in yarn dyeing processes
In the textile dyeing industry where water consumption is high, the aim is to reduce carbon and water footprint by treating wastewater with appropriate recovery methods and using it in new dyeings. The textile dyeing industry is widespread in our country and water consumption is high. Therefore, reusing wastewater for certain types of yarn will significantly reduce water consumption. The dyeing of products in textile dyeing factories can consist of 3-15 baths depending on the dyeing process, and clean water is used in all of these baths. Therefore, wastewater is generated at every stage. These wastewaters are sent to the wastewater pool to not be reused. When the dyeing processes of different yarn types such as viscose, cotton, acrylic, polyester, and nylon are examined, they are dyed with different numbers of baths. In addition, the dye ratios of the given dyeing agents are different from each other. For example, when the water remaining in the bath is examined after dyeing acrylic, clear water is seen, while the situation is the opposite for viscose/cotton. At this stage, wastewater samples generated in each dyeing process can be analyzed with appropriate methods and reused for dyeing certain yarn types. By applying treatment processes according to the content of wastewater, British Textile Technology Group and Goodman and Porter textile wastewater reuse criteria can be met or wastewater that has been treated at a maximum level can be integrated into the dyeing process or post-dyeing washing baths with nearly 100% performance. It is estimated that 20% of the world's clean water resources are used in the textile industry and up to 100 liters of water are required to produce one kilogram of textile product. In this direction, by applying environmentally friendly methods to reduce high water consumption in textile dyeing factories and aiming to reuse wastewater, the daily water consumption in textile dyeing factories is aimed to be minimized. In this thesis, research has been conducted on acrylic (cationic dyeing) and cotton (reactive dyeing), which are relatively easier to dye than other fiber types. For a facility with a daily water consumption of 100 tons, the aim is to discharge 30% of the water to the recycling pool and to use all of the discharged water again in dyeing processes. Key Words: Climate Change, Textile Dyeing, Waste Water, Recycling, Carbon Footprint
Presence and dietary exposure assessment of natamycin from cheese
Natamycin is a natural antimicrobial peptide produced by strains of Streptomyces natelensis. Antimicrobial agents are widely used to reduce and prevent growth of pathogenic and spoilage-causing microorganisms, thereby extend to shelf life of dairy products. In the field of cheese preservation, natamycin is often applied to the surface of cheese. Natamycin is commonly used to control mold and inhibit yeast growth. It has been approved as a food additive by the Turkish Food Codex and is accepted as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. According to the Turkish Food Codex the regulation on food additives (2023), natamycin can be used for the surface treatment of semi-hard and semi-soft cheeses with a maximum concentration of 1 mg/dm2 and 5 mm outside the surface. From a toxicological perspective, the effects observed in animals following natamycin ingestion are reduced food intake, reduced rates of weight gain, gastrointestinal irritation, and diarrhea. Based on toxicological studies JECFA assigned an ADI value for natamycin as 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day In this thesis it was aimed to evaluate NA presence in cheese samples collected from Adana city in Türkiye. Moreover, dietary exposure analysis was provided using the surveillance data. As a result of the study 42.5% of the cheese samples did not comply with the Turkish Food Codex. Also EDI value was determined as 0.001 mg/kg bw/day which indicates no health risk for natamycin due to the cheese consumption for adults.
Investigation of advanced radar absorbing PANI/YIG/CB supported camouflage paint with high stealth technology to be used in military land vehicles
Recently, stealth technology, which is a type of defense technology, has been studied intensively. The stealth technology aims to prevent radar visibility by reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of target object. To reduce radar visibility, the geometry of the object must either scatter the incoming electromagnetic (EM) wave or the material used in the object must have the ability to absorb EM waves. Radar absorbing materials try to decrease radar visibility of the target object by reducing the energy of EM waves entering the material through a dielectric and/or magnetic loss mechanism. Within the scope of this thesis, a comprehensive study on radar absorbing materials was carried out. Y3Fe5O12 (short name YIG) magnetic powders, a microwave absorbing material, were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Here, interfaces were created within the structure by applying different heat treatment processes and EM wave absorption characteristics were examined. Then, YIG1-x/CBx (0.00≤x≤1.00, 0.25 increment) composites with YIG and carbon black (CB) materials were produced via solid state reaction method. The structural and magnetic properties and EM wave absorption characteristics of the produced composites were examined. Finally, PANI@YIG1-x/CBx (0.00≤x≤1.00, 0.25 increment) hybrid composites were synthesized by coating the surfaces of these composites with the conductive polymer polyaniline by in-situ polymerization method. The microwave absorption performances of hybrid composites are at a satisfactory level and can be used in potential military land applications. Keywords: Electromagnetic wave absorption, hybrid composite, carbon black, radar absorber, YIG.