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Pride and prejudice: Evlilik için rehber
HI ABSTRACT Although criticized for her indifference to the Industrial Revolution or Napoleonic Wars, Austen was a keen observer of her society in terms of relations between man and woman. She reflected her observations in her novels by describing pre-marriage and marriage interaction, as she was aware that in any society matrimony was an institution that best revealed the characteristics of the broad social structure. Austen questioned the marriage types she witnessed: She saw that marriages were either for money or for sex. Thus, neither man nor woman was happy. For Austen, simple love, too, was not a reliable ground on which marriage could be based. To reveal her successful matrimony concept, Austen compares different marriage types in Pride and Prejudice. In her opinion, readers would be able to find the "ideal marriage type" by reading in between the lines. For Austen, the ideal marriage is an agreement between social demands and personal desires, and this makes the union fulfilling andIV respectable. Yet, this respectability does not mean "noble" family title, wealth, or "influential" acquaintances. At this point, by stressing the importance of individuality, Austen challenges the bourgeois viewpoint, which gives priority only to social rank and money. She is aware that equalizing the public and private forces is a difficult task. However, she shows the readers that individuals like Elizabeth and Darcy are able to go through this laborious formation and find happiness in marriage.
Transformation of perspective of man and the universe from Alfred, Lord Tennyson to Thomas Hardy
ABSTRACT The conflict between religion and science started after the Renaissance in the west and continued through the age of Copernicus and Galileo to the 19th century. During this conflict, many people especially the scientists, tried to enlighten people's minds at the cost of paying high prices. Copernicus and Galileo were among those scientists who suffered a lot from this conflict and even were accused of being against the doctrines of the Christian Church. The conflict between religion and science reached its climax during the Victorian Age, which was both called the age of scientific advancements and the age of religious controversies. Scientific findings, which conflicted with the teachings of the Bible caused a definite crisis of faith and the people of the age began questioning the meaning of life and the existence of God. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was one of these people who found himself in a profound doubt and came at the verge of loosing his former belief after reading Lyell's Principles of Geology and Chambers' Vestiges of Creation. Under the influence of scientific views of his time, Tennyson wrote his famous poem In Memoriam A.H.H which reflected all his doubts, conflicts and finally his consolation by reconciling science and faith. mIn the following decades it was Thomas Hardy who continued Tennyson's uncertainties. Although he was a devoted Christian in the first part of his life, after the publication of The Origin of Species he started to loose his former religious values. Influenced by the ideas of Darwin and Huxley, he called himself a "harmless agnostic" and became more and more cynical about the existence of God. As poets who were highly aware of the scientific advancements of their time, Tennyson and Hardy reflected these ideas through their poems. IV
Religion and women in George Eliot`s Adam Bede
m ABSTRACT Since her childhood George Eliot was a keen observer of her time in terms of human relationships, woman's status in society, and the concept of religion. Eliot reflected her observations in her novels by stating her views on the place and importance of religion in human life, and by discussing the social problems of her time. She lived in Victorian society, which was characterised by limited mobility or very little flexibility in terms of social behaviour and rules particularly for women. That is to say, the norms of the Victorian Age might be interpreted as a difficult life for most of its people. As an incongruous individual of her time, George Eliot did not sacrifice her own ideals, her sense of religion, and social behaviour. She was radically different from the characters she depicted in her fiction; she did not reflect a traditional ladylike figure of her time inIV her real life. Her novels provided her with ample opportunity and great freedom to reflect herself freely because fiction was her domain where there were no obstructions, limitations, and rules. Eliot never tried to impose her own way of living to her readers in her novels. For instance, her novel, Adam Bede, includes strong religious faith and moral teaching which does not fall in line with her real life. Rather, through the protagonists she emphasizes over and over again the significance of religion and praises the value of religious doctrines. Eliot deals with the concept of religion in Adam Bede through several contradictory characters to show that religion provides lessons and enables man to find his way in his life journey. The novel also emphasizes that religion offers comfort in times of trouble and provides hope in the midst of despair. In brief, religion in the novel suggests that the world is not only permeated with trouble and confusion, it is at the same time a friendly home created for man by the Divine Essence.
Elektronik ticaret
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of e-commerce on world and Turkish economies. A special emphasis is given to the effects of e-commerce on consumers, businesses and the national economy as a whole Dell computer company is taken as a case study. It is shown that in a rapidly changing world those who use new ways of doing things will be more successful than their competitors. The development, advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce are evaluated and conclusions are drawn for the future. Key words: E-Commerce, Business to Business (B2B), Business to Consumers (B2C), Electronic Data Interchange, Secure Electronic Transactions, Global Trade Point Network
The reconciliation and the confrontation of the Native American and the British identites in James Fenimore Cooper`s the last of The Mohicans and The Pioners
Native Americans have been the subject of attention since Columbus discovered America in 1492. Their tragedy has started with the subsequent colonisation of America by the Europeans and the British. The original owners of America, Native Americans were conquered, dispossessed and destroyed by the white men. When the Europeans and the British intruded into the virgin North American wilderness with the objective of placing great quantities of native lands under their possession, they disregarded the Native American identity and existence. To justify their colonisation in North America, they described Native Americans as lazy and vagrant hunters who ailed to make the land fruitful and who therefore lost their claim to cultivate God's earth. Thus, through their policies and cunning methods, they started to dispossess Native Americans of their native lands. In this process, Native American identity and culture were corrupted and eventually destroyed. This thesis has focused on the confrontation and reconciliation of the Native American and the British identities in James Fenimore Cooper's The Lost of the Mohicans and The Pioneers. In the chosen works, the outcome of this confrontation has been examined in the form of an ultimate failure in reconciliation.
Eugenics and social order in Aldous Huxley`s Brave New World and Margaret Atwood`s Oryx and Crake
The scientific and industrial revolution of the nineteenth century has led to urbanization, over-organization and mass-production. These changes had dramatic effects on the lives of workers. They were regarded as the part of a machinery to run the factories. Efficiency and progress were the catch-phrases of the era. Eugenics, an old idea which can be traced back to Spartans, was revived. The principles of the Theory of Evolution were applied to form a theory of better human breeding. This thesis is both a summation of the origin and nature of the eugenics movement in Britain and its reflections in literary Utopias and dystopias. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake, which are reactionary dystopias, have been analysed in context to their involvement with eugenics to form the social order in their respective societies. The positive aspect of the application of eugenics as a social movement and Utopian theme for the creation of ideal societies can easily be nullified by the coercive manipulations of those in power. In the chosen works this possibility and its disturbing consequences have been examined through transformed complex worlds created by the literary imagination of both authors.
The desulphurisation cost change in an integrated iron and steel plant: An empirical analysis
ABSTRACTTHE DESULPHURISATION COST CHANGEIN AN INTEGRATED IRON AND STEEL PLANT:AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSISSever, Süleyman NazifDesulphurisation is an important phase in the iron and steel productionprocess, and the cost of desulphurisation takes an important part in the totalcost of production. In İsdemir it was observed that the monthly 2005desulphurisation costs became drastically increased in comparison to monthly2004 desulphurisation costs. The subject matter seems to give a goodexample of solving a problem of engineering origin by managerial methodsthrough a stepwise approach.Firstly the observational evidence was tested statistically. Difference ofMeans Test and Dixon?s Test were used and it was shown that per unit costshift was quite severe. To detect the main reason, seven majordesulphurisation cost increasing reasons were quantified on monthly basis.With the aid of forward selection method by stepwise regression procedure,the main reason was determined as the shift of the stone coal cost in 2005.By the examination of 2004 and 2005 purchase data of stone coal, thecost components analysis had shown the cause. The gain of 0.53 US$/tonliquid hot metal due to the relative cheapness of American coal was reducedivby 1.79 US$/ton cost increase in desulphurisation. Therefore the strategy tobuy the American stone coal for the reason of its low price was wrong due tothe high sulphur content of that sort of stone coal.v
Wedding the opposites: The romantic quest of the Byronic Hero in marging the orient and the occident in Turkish Tales
ABS TRACTWEDDING THE OPPOS ITES : THE ROMANTIC QUES T OF THEBYRONIC HERO IN MERGING THE ORIENT AND THE OCCIDENTMelike KüçükEnglish Literature and Cultural S tudies24 January 2006Lord Byron is one of the extraordinary bards of the English RomanticPeriod. The Byronic Hero, who is recognized to be the mirror of Lord Byron?sinner-self and projection of his persona, is a legendary character. Lord Byron?s,Turkish Tales, which include the Byronic Hero, are written after his firstexcursion to the Orient and they are records of his experiences in the East. TurkishTales, written in verse include; The Giaour, The Bride of Abydos, The Corsair,Lara, and The Siege of Corinth. These tales demonstrate Byron?s unbiasedperception towards the Orient. In these tales, Byron tells about the `Other? cultureiiiwithout drawing distinct lines between cultures and he criticizes the partialWestern preconceptions.Since Byron has made the facts of his life and his experiences a centralstand in his poetry he prefers facts rather than assumptions. Hence, he draws apicture of a unified world, in which the Orient and the Occident are integrated.However, he reaches the synthesis that differences and enmities which also occurin the same world stem from the diseased, shattered, and discriminatory worldview of the Western scholars. This picture which becomes concrete after hiscontact with the Orient has changed his life and thoughts. With his concreteexperience in the Orient, as a Romantic Poet, Byron is purified from artificiallyconstructed and imposed prejudices with his courage, agony and self-dedication;eventually, he rejuvenates and becomes a universal bard when he embraces theoppositions; the past and the future, the ideal and the real, the Orient and theOccident.iv
Dracula: The story of a terrorist against order
ABSTRACTDRACULA: THE STORY OF A TERRORIST AGAINST ?ORDER?Körpe, Ahmet EmreIn Dracula, Stoker deals with the harmful effects of capitalism acting uponenvironment and people. He depicts bourgeois characters as neurotic, and asproducts of industrialism. Count Dracula fights against bourgeoisie and threatens thecapitalist order. Thus, the novel represents Stoker?s disgust with capitalism and thenew social classes it created. Through the clash between vampires and sentimentalcharacters, he reveals his desire to amalgamate the Victorian paradigm with thefeudal, more humane one.Bourgeoisie rejects the past, thinking that those times were ?barbaric and nasty.?Stoker, however, shows that medieval paradigm was a humane one. Although heexploits the archetypal fears of both the characters and the readers, he reveals thatthose ages were more virtuous when compared with the nineteenth century. ForStoker, the ?modern? world is hypocritical; there is real tyranny in the ?civilized?paradigm.Dracula belongs to the past paradigm. His hatred of the general hypocrisy in thecapitalist world turns out to be his virtue. He converts bourgeois characters to his ownparadigm. By converting characters he, in fact, creates free individuals.What Stoker is after is not the appraisal of the medieval paradigm, but rather asuggestion that an amalgamation between the two paradigms is necessary.However, he knows that Dracula and what he represents will not be able to find aplace in the modern world. The defeat of the Count at the end should be read as thewarning of Stoker for the coming of capitalist dystopia or neo-imperialism.
Dublin as ancestral matrix: The rebirth of the irish fetus into self-recognition in James Joyce's Eveline and the Dead
James Joyce?s Dubliners depicts the city of Dublin as a metaphor for the Irishsoil. Though self-exiled, Joyce the Irish patriot introduces Dublin to be the ancestralmatrix from which the Irish may be reborn to claim their Irish identity. The dilemmawith Irishness, as Joyce explores, is that the Irish are in a state of denying theiridentity. Mistakenly apprehending Dublin as a city of decay, Dubliners are compelledto desert it. Their impetus to escape from Dublin and its psychological detentionresults in an inevitable loss of Irish identity. However, Dubliners are, shockinglyand almost instinctively, dragged into Dublin, the ancestral matrix, where theyundergo an embryonic state: they are nourished by the genuine Irish blood, andreborn as themselves, with the Irish identity from which they have sought escape.The protagonists of ?Eveline? and ?The Dead? are in a state of self-denial, thusbecoming invisible in Dublin, which causes them to quest for identity. From apsychoanalytic perspective, theirs is an instinctive drive to seek maternal safety andprotection, a reason for their futile attempt to escape into a Platonic and idealizedwomblike cocoon. However, having done away with the anxiety resulting fromimpersonating an alien identity, they undergo `the oceanic feeling? of oneness withthe ancestral womb. This regression into the form of the Irish fetus provides thecharacters with the pleasure of claiming their individuality and of becomingregenerated through an introspective self-realization. Therefore, in Dubliners, Joyceattempts to hold up a mirror to his compatriots to help them realistically visualize andappreciate their actual self, reflected on the `liquor amnii? of Dublin, the ancestralmatrix.Key words: ?Eveline?, ?The Dead?, Psychoanalysis, `Oceanic Feeling?