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Kadın yöneticilere karşı tutumlar: Yeni bir ölçeğin geliştirilmesi
Thesis Title: Attitudes Towards Women Managers: Development of a New MeasureName of the Student: Yonca Ayşe BerkmanABSTRACTThis study developed a new measure to assess the attitudes towards womenmanagers (ATWoM). Despite the fact that women are increasingly more active inwork life and a large number of women in Turkey have high-status professions, theratio of women in senior executive positions is still low due to the glass ceilingphenomenon. This paper reports the results of two studies. The first study wasqualitative and generated items for the new scale through in-depth interviews onmanagerial characteristics with 37 employees from eight different organizations.The second study tested the psychometric properties of ATWoM, and aimed atidentifying the factors affecting the attitudes. A total of 460 respondents filled out aquestionnaire assessing the attitudes towards women in management. Findings showthat ATWoM correlated positively with Women as Managers Scale (supportingconvergent validity), negatively with traditional gender role stereotypes (supportingdivergent validity), and positively with the strength of preference to work withwomen managers (supporting concurrent validity). The percent of women managersin the organization moderated the relationship between ATWoM and gender rolestereotypes for women, but not for men. The quality of work experience withwomen managers moderated the relationship between ATWoM and gender rolestereotypes for men, but not for women. The duration of work experience did nothave a moderation effect on the relationship between ATWoM and gender rolestereotypes. The newly developed scale has the potential to contribute to the humanresources management practices in organizations.Keywords: Attitudes, women managers, Women as Managers Scale, gender rolestereotypes, preference
Türkiye`deki çokuluslu şirketlerin insan kaynakları uygulamalarının global standardizasyon veya lokalizasyonu
The study examined the localization tendency in different human resourcemanagement functions and identified the host-country factors related to thelocalization tendency in HRM functions. Secondly, the localization tendency in theoverall HRM practices of MNCs was investigated and the organizational factorsrelated to the overall localization tendency in MNCs were pointed out. Thirdly, thesatisfaction level of HR managers and the perceived satisfaction level of employeesby HR managers with the degree of localization tendency in the overall HRMpractices were measured. A total of 51 MNC subsidiaries having headquarters inUSA, Europe or Japan participated in the study. Results overall indicate that theTurkish culture and the labor market conditions are the two host-country factors thatare perceived to be related to the localization in HRM functions. Furthermore havinga polycentric management orientation and a relatively high number of expatriates areassociated with the overall localization tendency in HRM practices of MNCs. Theother factor moderately related to the localization tendency in MNCs is headquarter-to-subsidiary flow. Finally, the satisfaction level of HR managers and perceivedsatisfaction level of employees by HR managers is not related to the localization ofHRM practices.Keywords: Localization, Global Standardization, HRM Practices, MNCs
Babacan liderlik tipine yönelik tutumların gelişiminde aile bağlamında benlik ve geleneksel aile değerleri öncülleri
In this thesis, within culture variations in attitudes toward Paternalistic LeadershipStyle were investigated with a focus on the (I) Self in Family Context and (II)Traditional Family Values. The participants were 467 university students and 230professional white collar workers. Both in the student and professional samples,results showed that autonomy and relatedness levels of individuals were associatedwith their attitudes toward Paternalistic Leadership Style. Furthermore, in thestudent sample, the three self groups (i.e., autonomous-related self, autonomous -separate self, and heteronomous-related self) significantly differed in terms of theirattitudes toward Paternalistic Leadership Style. However, in the professional sample,there was a significant difference only between heteronomous-related andautonomous-separate self groups. Results also indicated that, in both samples,Traditional Family Values were associated with positive attitudes towardPaternalistic Leadership Style. Finally, for both samples, multiple regressionanalyses supported a mediated model, where both autonomy and relatedness levelsof individuals mediated by their Traditional Family Values predicted their attitudestoward Paternalistic Leadership Style.Keywords: Paternalistic Leadership Style, Autonomy, Relatedness, Self, TraditionalFamily Values, Attitudes
Daha etkin bir Avrupa Birliği çatışma önleme politikasına doğru: Bosna ve Kosova`dan dersler
AbstractIn the intergovernmental framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy,especially starting from the early 1990s the EU has worked for increasing itseffectiveness in the field of conflict prevention both in civilian and military terms due tothe widespread nature and humanitarian costs of violent conflicts.This study scrutinizes the very question of how the EU can be more effective inthe field of conflict prevention by comparing the EU contribution to Bosnia and Kosovocases in pre- and post-conflict stages in order to find out whether the lessons drawn fromBosnia were applied to Kosovo. A close examination of the EU conflict preventionefforts in pre- and post-conflict stages of Bosnia and Kosovo points out to the necessityof improving EU conflict prevention capacity to increase its effectiveness. Consideringthe pre-conflict prevention activities of the EU, acute problems in terms of effectivenesswere ?lack of a consistent approach towards the prevention of both conflicts?, ?asignificant warning- response gap? and ?lack of military backing of civilian instruments?.When it comes to post-conflict prevention activities, both cases showed that the EUmembership aspiration has become the most important driving force in terms ofdemocratizing both Bosnia and Kosovo. However, both cases also indicated thatneglecting the importance of ?local ownership? of the democratization process has beenone of the most important obstacles in terms of effectiveness of the EU post-conflictprevention activities.
Sendikaya bağlılığın çatışmacı ve uzlaşmacı endüstriyel ilişkiler iklimlerindeki öncülleri ve sonuçları
This study examined the role of social context--adversarial vs. cooperative industrialrelations climates (IRC)--on a model of antecedents and consequences of unioncommitment. Using social information processing approach, job satisfaction,organizational commitment, pro-union attitudes, union socialization, subjective norms,and past participation were hypothesized to have differential direct or mediatedrelationships with union commitment across adversarial and cooperative climates. Incontrast, using need satisfaction models, the relationships of union instrumentality andsteward responsiveness with union commitment were hypothesized to be similar acrossdifferent climates. Finally, union commitment was hypothesized to be related towillingness to work for the union and propensity to strike, the latter showing differencesaccording to industrial relations climates. Participants were 527 unionized workersemployed in 32 private sector organizations in metal and textile industries and organizedby four unions from two confederations. Industrial relations climates wereoperationalized at the organizational as well as at the union confederation level. First,consistent with their respective histories, industrial relations climate at the Türk- şConfederation is considered as cooperative whereas in Disk Confederation, it isconsidered as adversarial. Second, at the organizational level, a scale was utilized tocategorize the IRC of different organizations as adversarial or cooperative. As expected,results revealed that steward responsiveness is positively related to union commitmentregardless of the climate, the magnitude of the indirect effect of subjective norms tounion commitment through pro-union attitudes is higher for adversarial climates/Disk andorganizational commitment is negatively related to propensity to strike in cooperativeclimates/ Türk- ş while they are unrelated in adversarial climates/ Disk. Some of thehypotheses were supported in only one of the operationalizations of IRC: The magnitudeof the effect of pro-union attitudes to union commitment was stronger in Disk;organizational commitment is positively related to union commitment in adversarialclimates, but not related in cooperative climates. Findings are discussed for theirimplications for attitude theory and practice in industrial relations.Keywords: Union Commitment, Industrial Relations Climate, Disk, Türk- ş
Otobiyografik belleğin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimsel süreci
The Emergence and Developmental Progress of Autobiographical Memory-Jale KazezABSTRACTThe present study mainly tries to confirm the predicted developmental progress forautobiographical memory. The predicted developmental progress of autobiographical memoryis expected to involve seven levels and each level necessitates the completion of the precedinglevel. In order for autobiographical memory to emerge, an individual has to reach to the fifth,sixth and seventh levels. However, there have been inconsistencies about the fact that the firstfour levels have to be completed in order to pass to fifth, sixth and seventh level. Therefore,the present study tries to find out if it is possible to develop autobiographical memory withoutthe completion of first four levels. The sample of the present study comprised of 120 children,between 2 and 6 years old. The children were visited at their homes twice with a 4-weekinterval. In the first visit, the child met and played a game with the researcher and received agift from the researcher. 4 weeks later, in the second visit, the child was required to recall theresearcher and gift. The child was also asked to recall the game that he played with theresearcher and also to behaviorally enact it. Since narrative structure development also hasbeen stated to influence the emergence of autobiographical memory, the levels of children?snarrative structure development were also investigated for this purpose. In the second visit,the researcher also asked the children two questions about one of their past doctor visits andbirthdays. Results of the study have confirmed that autobiographical memory developmentfollows the predicted developmental progress.Keywords: Autobiographical Memory, Developmental Progress of Memory, NarrativeStructure, Recall, Recognition
Marmara Bölgesi'nde bulunan orta ölçekli aile şirketlerinde çevreyi inceleme ve kurumsallaşma olgusunun yorumlanması
Why are some mid-size family firms quick to institutionalize their structures while othersare slow to let go the power that comes with informal ways of organizing? Owner-managers? personality and scanning are suggested as drivers behind variance inperceptions of institutionalization in family firms as well as variance in planning futureinstitutionalization. Specifically, the role of need for cognition and regulatory focus,organizational size and perceived environmental uncertainty are examined for theirrelationships with managers? environmental scanning, interpretations ofinstitutionalization and action towards institutionalism in middle-sized family firms.Survey data were collected from owner-managers of 90 middle-sized familymanufacturing firms in Gebze and Istanbul, Turkey. Findings revealed the importance ofscanning through external sources on the issue interpretation as an opportunity and as anecessity. Managers who had high levels of need for cognition tended to scan theirenvironments more, and interpret institutionalism as an opportunity and a necessity, butnot as a threat for family firms. Interpretations of institutionalism failed to predict actionplans towards institutionalism, but found to be related to current levels of institutionalismof the firms. Promotion regulatory focus levels of the managers did not predictopportunity/threat interpretations or action plans towards institutionalism; however,prevention regulatory focus was revealed to be a strong predictor of environmentalscanning, opportunity/threat interpretations and action plans.Keywords: Environmental scanning, interpretation, institutionalism, need forcognition, environmental uncertainty, regulatory focus, middle-sized firm, familyfirms
Türk göçmen ve Alman ailelerde anne-babalık uygulamaları ve okul-öncesi çocuklarının bilişsel becerileri
Sinem OlcayParenting Practices and Preschoolers? Cognitive Skills in Turkish Immigrant andGerman FamiliesToday, approximately 2 million Turkish citizens live in Germany, and similar to manyminority populations, Turkish immigrant children are academically less successful at schoolwhen compared to their German counterparts. Nevertheless, no studies have developmentallyinvestigated the factors that influence school performance of Turkish immigrant children inGermany. In this study, German and Turkish immigrant samples were compared on children?searly cognitive skills, mothers? parenting behaviors and the quality of home environment, andparenting variables were investigated as possible predictors of children?s cognitivedevelopment. The participants in the study were 65 German and 52 Turkish preschoolchildren, and their mothers who were matched in terms of education level (i.e., 10-to-12 yearsof schooling). Four different cognitive skills (memory, strategies, categorization and body-related vocabulary skills) that are thought to be related to early school performance weremeasured by a test. Parenting variables were measured by a self-report scale and time diary.MANOVAs and structural equation modeling analyses, respectively, revealed that cognitivescores of German children were significantly higher than those of Turkish immigrant childrenand predictors of these skills were different for the two groups. Provision of literacyexperiences at home and children?s solitary play significantly predicted cognitiveperformance of German children. For the Turkish sample, high levels of maternal responsivityand home literacy environment were significant predictors of children?s cognitive scores.However, a comparison of parenting variables revealed that Turkish mothers displayedresponsivity and home literacy experiences considerably less than German mothers. Takentogether, these findings implied that Turkish immigrant children are disadvantaged in terms ofearly cognitive development and this is partly due to the fact that they receive lowenvironmental stimulation.Keywords: Parenting, Cognitive Skills, Turkish Immigrants
Örtülü zeka inanışlarının hedef oryantasyonu aracılığıyla akış ve iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi
The effect of implicit theories of intelligence on goal orientation as well as theeffect of goal orientation on flow and job satisfaction were investigated in this study.Participats were 130 theater actors and 117 teachers. In both samples individuals with anincremental theory of intelligence were found to adopt learning goals more thanindividuals with an entity theory of intelligence. Learning oriented individuals scoredsignificantly higher on flow than performance oriented individuals in both samples. Inactor sample learning oriented individuals also scored significantly higher on jobsatisfaction. Skill variety moderated the relationship between goal orientation and flow inactor sample, and goal orientation and job satisfaction in teacher sample. This study wasthe first one to separate flow scale items to construct two dimensions, and explore therelationships between these two dimensions and other study variables.Keywords: Implicit intelligence theory, goal orientation, job satisfaction, flow
Kadın ve erkeklerin otobiyografik anlatılarında benlik tipleri ve duygu dili arasındaki ilişki
M.A. Thesis Abstract FormName of the Student : Ayfer DostProgram of Study : MA in Developmental PsychologyThesis Title : The relationship between self construals andlanguage for emotions in personal narratives of Turkish males and femalesAbstractThe present study investigates the relationship between individuals? selfconstruals conceptualized as autonomous-, related-, and autonomous-related selfand the language they use to talk about emotions, and about reference to selfversus others in narrations of important life events that they experienced. Fortymales and forty females whose ages range between 20 to 60 participated in thestudy. The results showed that self construals were related to the language used totalk about emotions such as the level of abstractness and objectification ofemotion terms and their relation to self and other in their referential context. Thepresent study also tested the assumption that sex differences observed inpsychological behaviors can be accounted for by self construals. However, thefindings indicated that Turkish males and females differed from each other only inthe number of emotion terms they mentioned when they were describingimportant life events, and that this relationship could not be accounted for by selfconstruals. For explorative purposes, the present study also investigated if therewere any age-related changes in the relationship between self construals and thelanguage for emotions. Results indicated that age was not related to any of the selfconstruals but only with mentioning of emotions having others as their primaryreferents. The findings were discussed in relation to previous research.Keywords: Self construals, gender, language used for emotions, age